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Skull Base 2001; 11(3): 207-218
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-16609
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Copyright © 2001 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel.: +1(212) 584-4662

Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: Pathogenesis and Routes of Approach to Endovascular Treatment

Harish Shownkeen1 , Davide Bova1 , Thomas C. Origitano2 , Guy J. Petruzzelli3 , John P. Leonetti3
  • 1 Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
  • 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
  • 3Department of Otolaringology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
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Publication History

Publication Date:
24 August 2001 (online)

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ABSTRACT

The etiology, classification, clinical presentation, complications, and intravascular routes to image and treat carotid-cavernous fistulas percutaneously are described. Endoarterial and transvenous approaches (through the jugular, inferior petrosal, or cavernous veins) are discussed in relation to the etiology, size, and characteristics of the fistulas, as well as in relation to the planned therapeutic approach and its possible complications. Possible outcomes, with particular attention to the internal carotid circulation, side effects, and complications also are discussed in relation to etiology and type of fistula. Four exemplary cases are presented.

KEYWORD

Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula - cerebral angiography - therapeutic embolization - balloon occlusion

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