Download PDF
Horm Metab Res 2001; 33(3): 170-174
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-14931
Original Clinical

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Bone Mineral Density is Inversely Related to Parathyroid Hormone in Adolescent Girls

D. Bonofiglio1 , M. Maggiolini1 , S. Catalano2 , S. Marsico2 , S. Aquila2 , S. Andò3
  • 1 Dept. of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
  • 2 Health Centre, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
  • 3 Dept. of Cellular Biology, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Preventive programs aimed at maximizing peak bone mass as a way of reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures later in life should take into account the contribution of nutritional factors to bone mass accumulation in young age. The role of calcium and energy intakes on radial mineral density was investigated in 200 healthy girls (aged 11 - 15 yr) simultaneously evaluating serum changes of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin (OC). Dietary calcium and energy intakes were assessed by a 3-day food record method, bone mineral density (BMD) was performed at ultradistal (ud) and proximal (pr) radial sites using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Calcium consumption below the levels suggested by Dietary Reference Intakes in more than 80 % of population studied was not related to BMD, which in turn markedly increased in post-compared to premenarcheal girls. Interestingly, in a multiple regression analysis PTH was inversely related to BMD after adjustment for calcium intake, bone age and menarche. Serum IGF-I was positively associated to energy intakes and bone age in girls before menarche, who exhibited the highest values of OC. Our data highlighted the role of food habits in modulating some hormonal response that might influence bone mineral apposition during adolescent age. Low calcium consumption associated to enhanced PTH values, if persisting, could be responsible for reduced rate of gain in bone mineral density. Thus, to optimize bone mineralization during the critical period of rapid body growth adequate intakes of calcium and energy should be recommended.

Key words:

Bone Mineral Density - Calcium Intake - Energy Intake - Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I - Parathyroid Hormone

References

  • 1 Anderson J JB, Tylavsky F A, Halioua L, Metz J A. Determinants of peak bone mass in young adult women: A review.  Osteoporosis Int. 1993;  Suppl. 1 S32-S36
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Marcus R. The nature of osteoporosis.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;  81 1-5
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Gilsanz V, Gibbens D T, Roe T F, Carlson M, Senac M O, Boechat M I, Huang H K, Schulz E E, Libanati C R, Cann C C. Vertebral bone density in children: effect of puberty.  Radiology. 1988;  166 847-850
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Libanati C, Baylink D J, Lois-Wenzel E, Srinivasan N, Mohan S. Studies on the potential mediators of skeletal changes occurring during puberty in girls.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;  84 2807-2814
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Slemenda C W, Peacock M, Hui S, Zhou L, Johnston C C. Reduced rates of skeletal remodeling are associated with increased bone mineral density during the development of peak bone mass.  J Bone Miner Res. 1997;  12 676-682
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Frank G R. The role of estrogen in pubertal skeletal physiology: epiphyseal maturation and mineralization of the skeleton.  Acta Paediatr. 1995;  84 627-630
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Raisz L G. Local and systemic factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.  N Engl J Med. 1988;  318 818-828
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Turner R T, Riggs L B, Spelsberg T C. Skeletal effects of estrogen.  Endocr Rev. 1994;  15 275-300
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Canalis E, Rydzel S, Delany A M, Varghese S, Jeffrey J J. Insulin-like growth factors inhibit interstitial collagenase synthesis in bone cell cultures.  Endocrinology. 1995;  136 1348-1354
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Jones J I, Clemmons D R. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions.  Endocr Rev. 1995;  16 3-34
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Langdahl B L, Kassen M, Moller M K, Eriksen E F. The effects of IGF-I and IGF-II on proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts and interaction with growth hormone.  Eur J Clin Invest. 1998;  28 176-183
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Estivariz C F, Ziegler T R. Nutrition and the insulin-like growth factor system.  Endocrine. 1997;  7 65-71
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Mohan S, Baylink D J. In: Rosenfeld RG, Roberts CT (eds). IGF system components and their role in bone metabolism.  Towton:; Humana Press, 1999: 457-516
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Thissen J P, Ketelslegers J M, Underwood L E. Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors.  Endocr Rev. 1994;  15 80-101
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Johnston C C, Miller J Z, Slemenda C W, Reister T K, Hui S, Christian J C, Peacock M. Calcium supplementation and increases in bone mineral density in children.  N Engl J Med. 1992;  327 82-87
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Lloyd T, Andon M B, Rollings N, Martel J K, Landis J R, Demers L M, Eggli D F, Kieselhorst K, Kulin H E. Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in adolescent girls.  JAMA. 1993;  270 841-844
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Teegarden D, Lyle R M, Proulx W R, Johnston C C, Weaver C M. Previous milk consumption is associated with greater bone density in young women.  Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;  69 1014-1017
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 . Società Italiana di Nutrizione Umana .Livelli di assunzione raccomandati di energia e nutrienti per la popolazione italiana.  Milano:; Ed. EDRA, 1996
    Google Scholar
  • 19 . Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes .Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride.  Washington, DC:; National Academy Press, 1999
    Google Scholar
  • 20 Kardinaal A FM, Andò S, Charles P, Charzewska J, Rotily M, Väänänen K, Van Erp-Baart A MJ, Heikkinen J, Thomsen J, Maggiolini M, Deloraine A, Chabros E, Juvin R, Schaafsma G. Dietary calcium and bone density in adolescent girls and young women in Europe.  J Bone Miner Res. 1999;  14 583-592
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Tanner J M. Physical growth and development. In: Forfar JO, Arnell CC (eds). Textbook of Pediatrics.  Edinburgh, Scotland:; Churchill Livingstone, 1978: 249-303
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Hartman A M, Brown C C, Palmgren J, Pietinen P, Verkasalo M, Myer D, Virtamo J. Variability in nutrient and food intakes among older middle-aged men. Implications for design of epidemiologic and validation studies using food recording.  American Journal of Epidemiology. 1990;  132 999-1012
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Larkin F A, Metzner H L, Guire K E. Comparison of three consecutive-day and three random-day records of dietary intake.  Journal American Diet Association. 1991;  91 1542-1583
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 . Istituto Nazionale della Nutrizione .Tabelle di composizione degli alimenti.  Milano; Ed. EDRA 1997
    Google Scholar
  • 25 Leboff M S, Fuleihan G E, Angell J E, Chung S, Curtis K. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the forearm: reproducibility and correlation with single- photon absorptiometry.  J Bone Miner Res. 1992;  7 841-846
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Tanner J M, Whitehouse R H, Cameron N, Marshall W A, Healy M JR, Goldstein H. Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height.  London:; Academic Press, 1983
    Google Scholar
  • 27 Glastre C, Braillon P, David L, Cochat P, Meunier P J, Delmas P D. Measurement of bone mineral content of the lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal children: correlations with growth parameters.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;  70 1330-1333
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Katzman D K, Bachrach L K, Carter D R, Marcus R. Clinical and anthropometric correlates of bone mineral acquisition in healthy adolescent girls.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;  73 1332-1339
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Avioli L V, Heaney R P. Calcium intake and bone health.  Calcif Tissue Int. 1991;  48 221-223
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Matkovic V. Calcium intake and peak bone mass.  N Engl J Med. 1992;  327 119-120
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Rubin K, Schirduan V, Gendreau P, Sarfarazi M, Mendola R, Dalsky G. Predictors of axial and peripheral bone mineral density in healthy children and adolescents, with special attention to the role of puberty.  J Pediatr. 1993;  123 863-870
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Rico H, Revilla M, Villa L F, Hernandez E R, Alvarez de Buergo M, Villa M. Body composition in children and Tanner’s stages: a study with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.<./TI>.  Metabolism. 1993;  8 967-970
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Zanchetta J R, Plotkin H, Filgueira M LA. Bone mass in children: normative values for the 2 - 20 year-old population.  Bone. 1995;  16 393S-399S
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Boot A M, De Ridder M AJ, Pols H AP, Krenning E P, De Muinck Keizer-Schrama S MPF. Bone mineral density in children and adolescents: relation to puberty, calcium intake, and physical activity.  J Clin Endocr Metab. 1997;  82 57-62
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Habener J F, Rosenblatt M, Potts J T Jr. Parathyroid hormone: chemistry, biosynthesis, secretion, action, and metabolism.  Physiol Rev. 1984;  64 985-1053
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Mora S, Pitukcheewanont P, Nelson J C, Gilsanz V. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and the density, volume, and cross-sectional area of cortical bone in children.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;  84 2780-2783
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Calvo M S, Eyre D R, Gundberg C M. Molecular basis and clinical application of biological markers of bone turnover.  Endocr Rev. 1996;  17 333-368
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Prof. S. Andò

Centro Sanitario - Università della Calabria

87036 Rende
Cosenza
Italy


Phone: Phone:+ 39 (0984) 839624

Fax: Fax:+ 39 (0984) 401275

Email: E-mail:sebando@tin.it