Download PDF
Thromb Haemost 2024; 124(02): 166-176
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1773764
Atherosclerosis and Ischaemic Disease

The Prognostic Value of the Age–D-Dimer–Albumin Score in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Hao-ming He
1   Department of Cardiology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
,
Yi-nong Chen
2   Department of Cardiology, Peking University China–Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
,
Ji-lang Zeng
3   Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
,
Shu-wen Zheng
4   Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
,
Long-yang Zhu
2   Department of Cardiology, Peking University China–Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
,
Zhe Wang
1   Department of Cardiology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
,
Si-qi Jiao
2   Department of Cardiology, Peking University China–Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
,
Fu-rong Yang
4   Department of Cardiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
,
Yi-hong Sun 
1   Department of Cardiology, China–Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
2   Department of Cardiology, Peking University China–Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
› Author Affiliations Funding This study was supported by the Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund (2020-2-4065) and the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund (2022-NHLHCRF-PY-19).
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints


Abstract

Background The Age–D-dimer–Albumin (ADA), the CREDO-Kyoto, and the PARIS scores have been established to predict thrombotic events. However, the prognostic performance of these scores compared to the GRACE score in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been reported.

Methods Consecutive AMI patients treated with PCI were retrospectively enrolled at a teaching hospital in China from January 2016 to December 2019. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was cardiac death. Harrell's C-index and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to compare the prognostic value of these scores with the GRACE score for mortality.

Results Of the 1,578 patients enrolled, the mean age was 62.5 years, and 23.5% were female. During a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 146 all-cause deaths and 80 cardiac deaths occurred. The ADA score showed a better prognostic performance than the GRACE (Harrell's C-index: 0.800 vs. 0.749; p = 0.003), the CREDO-Kyoto (Harrell's C-index: 0.800 vs. 0.765; NRI = 0.348, p < 0.001), and the PARIS scores (Harrell's C-index: 0.800 vs. 0.694; NRI = 0.556, p < 0.001). In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, the ADA score was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.641 per 10-point increment, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.397–1.929) and cardiac death (HR = 1.636 per 10-point increment, 95% CI: 1.325–2.020). The risk of all-cause mortality and cardiac death increased with the rising of the ADA score.

Conclusion The ADA score showed a better prognostic performance than the GRACE, the CREDO-Kyoto, and the PARIS scores in patients with AMI undergoing PCI, which was a potential predictive tool for mortality.

Keywords

acute myocardial infarction - percutaneous coronary intervention - GRACE - mortality

Supplementary Material



Publication History

Received: 12 July 2023

Accepted: 31 July 2023

Article published online:
29 August 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • References

  • 1 Reed GW, Rossi JE, Cannon CP. Acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2017; 389 (10065): 197-210
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Alfonso F, Gonzalo N, Rivero F, Escaned J. The year in cardiovascular medicine 2020: interventional cardiology. Eur Heart J 2021; 42 (10) 985-1003
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Moledina SM, Kontopantelis E, Wijeysundera HC. et al. Ethnicity-dependent performance of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score for prediction of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in-hospital mortality: nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022; 43 (24) 2289-2299
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Raposeiras-Roubín S, Abu-Assi E, Cabanas-Grandío P. et al. Walking beyond the GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) model in the death risk stratification during hospitalization in patients with acute coronary syndrome: what do the AR-G (ACTION [Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network] Registry and GWTG [Get With the Guidelines] Database), NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry), and EuroHeart Risk Scores Provide?. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5 (11) 1117-1125
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Alnasser SM, Huang W, Gore JM. et al; GRACE Investigators. Late consequences of acute coronary syndromes: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) Follow-up. Am J Med 2015; 128 (07) 766-775
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E. et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2021; 42 (14) 1289-1367
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Natsuaki M, Morimoto T, Yamaji K. et al; CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort 2, RESET, and NEXT trial investigators. Prediction of thrombotic and bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention: CREDO-Kyoto thrombotic and bleeding risk scores. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7 (11) e008708
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Baber U, Mehran R, Giustino G. et al. Coronary thrombosis and major bleeding after PCI with drug-eluting stents: risk scores from PARIS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67 (19) 2224-2234
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Zhao X, Li J, Tang X. et al. Prognostic value of the PARIS thrombotic risk score for 2-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25: 1076029619853638
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Akama J, Shimizu T, Ando T. et al. Clinical usefulness of the pattern of non-adherence to anti-platelet regimen in stented patients (PARIS) thrombotic risk score to predict long-term all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization after percutaneous coronary intervention. PLoS One 2022; 17 (09) e0274287
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Violi F, Pignatelli P, Vestri AR. et al; ADA GROUP. The ADA (Age-D-Dimer-Albumin) Score to predict thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122 (09) 1567-1572
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Chi G, Violi F, Pignatelli P. et al. External validation of the ADA score for predicting thrombosis among acutely ill hospitalized medical patients from the APEX Trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2023; 55 (02) 211-221
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS. et al; Executive Group on behalf of the Joint European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/World Heart Federation (WHF) Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72 (18) 2231-2264
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O. et al; Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Investigators. Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163 (19) 2345-2353
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Nakamura M, Kimura K, Kimura T. et al. JCS 2020 guideline focused update on antithrombotic therapy in patients with coronary artery disease. Circ J 2020; 84 (05) 831-865
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Yamashita D, Saito Y, Sato T. et al. Impact of PARIS and CREDO-Kyoto thrombotic and bleeding risk scores on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circ J 2022; 86 (04) 622-629
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Kyrle PA, Eichinger S. D-Dimer for long-term risk prediction in patients after acute coronary syndrome: jack of all trades, or master of none?. Circulation 2018; 138 (07) 724-726
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Xiao L, Jia Y, Wang X, Huang H. The impact of preoperative fibrinogen-albumin ratio on mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493: 8-13
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Klingenberg R, Aghlmandi S, Räber L. et al. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 improves prognostic accuracy of GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) 2.0 risk score in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10 (20) e020488
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Weitz JI, Fredenburgh JC, Eikelboom JW. A test in context: D-dimer. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70 (19) 2411-2420
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Folsom AR, Lutsey PL, Heckbert SR, Cushman M. Serum albumin and risk of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2010; 104 (01) 100-104
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Wada H, Dohi T, Miyauchi K. et al. Independent and combined effects of serum albumin and C-reactive protein on long-term outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ J 2017; 81 (09) 1293-1300
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Zeymer U, Hochadel M, Karcher AK. et al; ALKK Study Group. Procedural success rates and mortality in elderly patients with percutaneous coronary intervention for cardiogenic shock. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 12 (18) 1853-1859
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Collet JP, Kerneis M, Lattuca B. et al; ATLANTIC Investigators. Impact of age on the effect of pre-hospital P2Y12 receptor inhibition in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the ATLANTIC-Elderly analysis. EuroIntervention 2018; 14 (07) 789-797
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ. et al. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA 2000; 284 (07) 835-842
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar