J Knee Surg 2020; 33(06): 560-564
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1681090
Original Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Effect of Ambient Temperature and Implantation Time on the Material Properties of Two Viscosity-Differing Cements Using American Society of Testing and Materials Methodology

Andrew V. Pytiak
1   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Detroit Medical Center, Providence Hospital Orthopedic Surgery Residency Program, Detroit, Michigan
5   Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, Colorado
,
Nathaniel Jove
1   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Detroit Medical Center, Providence Hospital Orthopedic Surgery Residency Program, Detroit, Michigan
,
Shulin He
2   Science and Technology, Stryker Joint replacement, Mahwah, New Jersey
,
Laryssa A. Korduba-Rodriguez
2   Science and Technology, Stryker Joint replacement, Mahwah, New Jersey
,
Marc Esformes
2   Science and Technology, Stryker Joint replacement, Mahwah, New Jersey
,
David C. Markel
1   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Detroit Medical Center, Providence Hospital Orthopedic Surgery Residency Program, Detroit, Michigan
3   Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Providence-Providence Park Hospital, Southfield, Michigan
4   Department of Orthopaedics, The CORE Institute, Novi, Michigan
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

01 October 2018

22 January 2019

Publication Date:
02 May 2019 (online)

Abstract

Ambient temperature and time to implantation can affect the material properties of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement, and cement intrusion depth has been shown to affect implant fixation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ambient temperature and time to implantation on depth of intrusion, and the effect of ambient temperature on setting time. Two types of cements were evaluated: cement A (Simplex P,medium Q7 viscosity) and cement B (Palacos R, high viscosity). Dough, working and setting times were determined, as well as intrusion depth, at different temperatures per American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) protocol F451. A vacuum mixer was used in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment at 60, 65, and 70°F. At each temperature, the cement was placed into an intrusion mold at 0, 50, and 100% of working time. Increasing ambient temperature resulted in a significant decrease in dough and working and setting times for both cements (p = 0.038 − < 0.001). At each working time point and temperature, cement A showed significantly more intrusion than cement B (p = 0.044 − < 0.001). There was no effect of temperature on intrusion depth regardless of working time to implantation for either cement with the exception of cement B when comparing 60 versus 70°F at 0% working time (p = 0.004). Both cements showed a significant decrease in intrusion as time to implantation increased (p < 0.001). In conclusion, there are large inherent differences in properties of commercially available cements, and these properties are affected by such variables as time to implantation and ambient temperatures. An understanding of these properties may aid the surgeon in optimizing surgical outcomes.

 
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