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Nervenheilkunde 2007; 26(04): 291-298
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1626862
Kompetenznetz: Parkinson
Schattauer GmbH

Klinische Bindungsforschung – Methoden und Befunde

Clinical attachment research: measures and results
A. Buchheim
1   Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie (Ärztlicher Direktor: Prof. Dr. H. Kächele)
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Publication History

Publication Date:
19 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Bindungstheorie ist in den letzten Jahren einer der wichtigsten klinisch relevanten Entwicklungstheorien geworden. Bindungssicherheit wird als Schutzfaktor für die Entwicklung angesehen, Bindungsdesorganisation kann als Risikofaktor wirken. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die international etablierten Methoden zur Erfassung von Bindung im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter und fasst neuere Befunde der klinischen Bindungsforschung zusammen. Es werden drei Störungsbilder herausgegriffen: die Angststörungen, die Depression und die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung. Während im Zusammenhang mit depressiven Störungen noch eher inkonsistente Ergebnisse vorliegen, weisen die Befunde zu Angststörungen auf eine Häufung von unverarbeiteten Verlusterfahrungen wichtiger Bindungspersonen hin und die Ergebnisse bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung auf eine Dominanz unverarbeiteter Missbrauchserfahrungen mit primären Bindungspersonen. In den letzten Jahren haben sich neurobiologische Forscher mit der Frage beschäftigt, wie neuronale Korrelate zwischenmenschlicher Bindung mit Hilfe funktioneller Kernspintomographie (fMRT) gemessen werden können. In einer eigenen Studie entwickelten wir ein Paradigma, das ermöglicht neuronale Korrelate von verbalen Bindungsnarrativen im fMRI-Scanner zu messen.

Summary

Attachment theory has become one of the most important clinically relevant developmental theories. Attachment security is found to be a protective factor for the further development, and attachment disorganization is found to be a risk factor. This review describes international established measures to assess attachment in childhood and adulthood and summarizes recent results of clinical attachment research focusing on anxiety disorder, depression and Borderline Personality Disorder. Whilst there are still rather inconsistent findings connected to depressive disorders, anxiety disorders are mostly associated with attachment representations indicating unresolved loss of significant attachment figures and results on Borderline Personality Disorders clearly indicate a predominance of unresolved abusive experiences with primary caregivers. In the last years neurobiological researchers have examined neural correlates of attachment using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In an own study we developed a paradigm to assess neural correlates of verbal attachment narratives in an fMRI-scanner.

Schlüsselwörter

Klinische Bindungsforschung - Bindungsmethodik - Angststörungen - Depression - Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörungen - Neurobiologie

Keywords

Clinical attachment research - attachment measures - anxiety disorders - depression - Borderline Personality Disorder - neurobiology
 

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