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Thromb Haemost 2003; 89(06): 1064-1071
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1613409
Vascular Development and Vessel Remodelling
Schattauer GmbH

PAI-1 level and the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism in relation to risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction

Results from the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP)
Karin Leander
1   Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
,
Björn Wiman
2   Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Johan Hallqvist
4   Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
5   Department of Social Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Margareta Sten-Linder
2   Department of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Ulf de Faire
1   Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
3   Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
› Author AffiliationsFinancial support: We are grateful for financial support from the Swedish Medical Research Council (09533 and 05193), the Swedish Lung and Heart Foundation and King Gustaf the V and Queen Victoria’s Foundation.
Further Information

Publication History

Received 16 September 2002

Accepted after revision 06 March 2003

Publication Date:
08 December 2017 (online)

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Summary

This study examines the relationship between plasma Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, and their association with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, this study explores whether a high level of PAI-1 or whether the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism synergistically interacts with any established environmental risk factor for MI. This case-referent study of subjects aged 45-70 and living in Stockholm includes 851 men and 361 women with first-time MI and 1051 men and 505 women who were randomly chosen as referents from a population register. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of MI was 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-2.8) for men with a plasma PAI-1 activity level greater than the 90th percentile value of referents. The corresponding OR for women was 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.5). A strong indication of synergistic interaction was found in men for the co-exposure to high plasma PAI-1 activity and current smoking, an adjusted synergy index score of 3.9 (95% CI 1.2-13.2). In women, the 4G allele was associated slightly with an increased risk of MI, OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.9). This association was not found in men. There were no clear indications of synergistic interaction effects involving the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism and the environmental exposures considered (cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, overweight, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, high C-reactive protein and hypertriglyceridaemia).

Keywords

Myocardial infarction - PAI-1 - 4G/5G polymorphism - interaction
 

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