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Z Orthop Unfall 2015; 153(03): 259-266
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1545708
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Geschichtlicher Wandel der Meniskuschirurgie – Veränderungen in Krankheitsverständnis, Operationstechniken und Komplikationen

Historical Changes in Meniscus Surgery – The Changing Appreciation of Disease, Surgical Techniques and Complications
K. Keller
1   2. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
,
M. Engelhardt
2   Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
30 April 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Menisken sind von zentraler Bedeutung für die Funktion des Kniegelenks. Meniskusverletzungen können zu Schmerz, Schwellung, Funktionsstörung, Aktivitätseinbuße und zu einer frühzeitige Arthrose des Kniegelenks führen und bedürfen häufig einer operativen Therapie. Der Weg von den Anfängen der Meniskuschirurgie bis zu den modernen arthroskopischen Meniskuseingriffen war kein gradliniger und insbesondere das Krankheitsbild der Meniskusverletzung als Ursache von Kniegelenkbeschwerden war lange Zeit umstritten. Die Meniskuschirurgie entwickelte sich aus der Kniegelenkchirurgie der freien Gelenkkörper. Erst im Jahre 1731 wurde die erste Meniskusverletzung in der Literatur beschrieben und mehr als 100 Jahre später, 1866, der erste geplante Meniskuseingriff durchgeführt. 1885 wurden Meniskusteilresektion und Meniskusreparatur als wichtigste Operationsverfahren der Meniskuschirurgie hervorgehoben. Die Anfänge der Arthroskopie des Kniegelenks liegen im 2. Jahrzehnt des 20. Jahrhunderts. Aber erst in den 60er-Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts sollte sie von Japan aus über Nordamerika und Europa ihren Siegeszug in der Kniegelenkchirurgie weltweit antreten. Der Weg von den anfänglichen, mit deutlichem Risiko behafteten Arthrotomien bis zu den heute üblichen arthroskopischen minimalinvasiven Meniskuseingriffen mit geringer Komplikationsrate benötigte annähernd 150 Jahre. Arthroskopische Kniegelenkeingriffe und insbesondere arthroskopische Meniskuseingriffe zählen in heutiger Zeit zu den häufigsten orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischen Operationen.

Abstract

The menisci play an important role in normal function of the knee joint. Meniscal injuries are associated with pain, swelling, impairment in function and activity level as well as early arthrosis of the knee joint. Patients with meniscal tears have to undergo surgery frequently. The pathway from the beginning of meniscal surgery to the modern arthroscopic meniscal surgery was not straightforward. The clinical picture of meniscal injuries, which caused articular trouble, was controversial for a long time. Meniscal surgery developed from knee joint surgery of the loose articular bodies. The first meniscal tear was not described until 1731. More than 100 years later, in 1866 the first planned meniscal surgery was performed. The importance of surgical techniques of meniscal resection and meniscal repair was emphasised in 1885. The beginning of knee joint arthroscopy took place in the 2nd decade of the 20th century. However, arthroscopy did not start its triumphal phase not until the 1960s coursing from Japan over North America to Europe. Approximately 150 years had passed from the risky arthrotomy surgeries of the past to the modern arthroscopic meniscal surgeries with low complication rates. Today, arthroscopic knee surgeries and especially arthroscopic meniscal surgeries are one of the most frequently performed orthopaedic procedures.

Schlüsselwörter

Kniegelenk - Arthroskopie - Meniskusreparatur - Meniskus - Meniskusteilresektion

Key words

knee joint - arthroscopy - meniscus repair - meniscus - meniscus resection
 

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