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DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1358372
Self-Assessment Questions
Publication History
Publication Date:
28 October 2013 (online)
This section provides a review. Mark each statement on the Answer Sheet according to the factual materials contained in this issue and the opinions of the authors.
Article One (pp. 129–141)
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The universally accepted (factors that have consistently shown to predict aphasia recovery in stroke and aphasia recovery studies) are
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age and stroke severity/disability
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stroke size and age
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stroke severity/disability and aphasia severity
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aphasia severity and age.
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In the literature, what factors affect 11 to 74% of complete aphasia recovery?
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Sensitivity and specificity of outcome measures
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Outcome measures taken at various times poststroke recovery
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Acute recovery versus chronic recovery
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Sensitivity, specificity of outcome measures, and length of time post recovery
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Stroke-related predictors of aphasia recovery include
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vascular risk factors including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation
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stroke severity and stroke disability
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baseline aphasia and stroke severity
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stroke severity
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The patient-related predictors of aphasia recovery include
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age and gender
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handedness and age
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performance on language tests and education level
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aphasia severity
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Predictive models of aphasia recovery account for what percentage of recovery?
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20 to 40%
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12 to 25%
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60 to 75%
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32 to 41%
Article Two (pp. 142–153)
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Which of the following provide the major difference between implicit and explicit memory?
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Implicit memory and explicit memory are both short-term memory systems.
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Implicit memory is reserved for facts and dates, and explicit memory refers to remembering events only.
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Implicit and explicit memory are both long-term memory systems; implicit memory is memory for skills, habits, and emotional associations, and explicit memory is memory for events, facts, and ideas.
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Implicit memory deteriorates more rapidly that the explicit memory system when a patient is diagnosed with a memory impairment.
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What does it mean when a patient has posttraumatic amnesia?
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The patient only remembers their life after the accident.
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The patient is able to reliably recall daily events that have occurred, but is not oriented to time or place.
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The patient is in a stage postinjury during which declarative learning is impaired and implicit learning is intact.
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The patient is accurately able to answer orientation questions regarding time and place, but has forgotten tasks such as how to tie his or her shoes.
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Name one remarkable pattern regarding the number of declarative questions asked of the participants.
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Participants were not asked declarative questions by hospital staff.
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Participants were only asked declarative questions to which they had already been told the answers.
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Each participant was asked multiple questions to which they answered incorrectly; however, the hospital staff member corrected them immediately.
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On multiple occasions, each participant answered a declarative question incorrectly and was not corrected.
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What is a medical implication if patients with memory impairment are asked declarative questions regarding their day in inpatient rehabilitation?
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The patient may be taught a new way to administer his insulin injection and not remember when he is discharged and return home.
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The patient may grow to like oatmeal for breakfast because he was served it every day during his stay at the rehabilitation facility.
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The patient may have signed up for vocational services he did not require because he did not realize he was retired.
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The patient may never remember his speech-language pathologist's name.
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What are suggestions for health care staff training to ensure effective communication with patients who have memory impairment?
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Communicate with all members of the patient's medical team.
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Modify the environment to include graphic schedules and memory books.
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Explain the patient's memory impairment to the legally appointed representative, either in person or in writing.
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Refrain from asking the patient that require recall of events questions.
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All of the above.
Article Three (pp. 154–169)
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Complications of dysphagia following stroke include
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malnutrition
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heart disease
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dehydration
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pneumonia
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A, C, and D
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all of the above
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Which of the following factors are known to increase the risk of dysphagia following stroke?
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Age
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Sex
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Geographic location of residence
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Education level
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None of the above
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Exercises that involve swallowing are not recommended for
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patients who are unable to swallow even their own secretions safely
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patients with decreased cognitive status
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patients who are generally deconditioned
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patients who have experienced prior strokes
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all of the above
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The best rehabilitation approach in treating dysphagia following stroke is
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postural adjustments
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neuromuscular electrical stimulation
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thermal-tactile stimulation
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diet modification
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a combined approach based on the individual patient's needs
Article Four (pp. 170–184)
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Which of the following statements about treatments for Alzheimer disease is correct?
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Disease progression can be halted by currently approved medications.
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Increasing attention is being paid to nonpharmacological interventions for persons with Alzheimer disease and other dementias.
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Social interaction is more beneficial in reducing symptoms of Alzheimer disease than cognitive stimulation or physical exercise.
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None of the above.
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The Elder Rehab program designed by Arkin and colleagues
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hired clinical nursing assistants to do physical exercises with older adults with dementia
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was a multimodal intervention that combined physical exercise, cognitive-linguistic stimulation, and social activities
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led to significant improvements in global cognitive function in the first year of intervention
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improved the mood of persons with dementia, but had no effect on physical fitness or cognitive performance
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The Language-Enriched Exercise plus Socialization program
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focused primarily on persons living in rural communities.
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trained volunteers to assist persons with dementia with physical and cognitive-linguistic exercise
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included participants with Alzheimer disease and other types of dementia.
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all of the above
Article Five (pp. 185–202)
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True or false? Communication and swallowing deficits appear in the early stages of Parkinson disease.
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Parkinson disease is associated with
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dopamine loss
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tremor
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genetic causes
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voice changes
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all of the above
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True or false? The leading cause of death in Parkinson disease is aspiration pneumonia.
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Which of the following improves swallowing deficits in Parkinson disease?
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Medications (levodopa)
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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
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Deep brain stimulations
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Cardiovascular exercise
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Expiratory muscle strength training
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True or false? Overall, levodopa improves communication deficits.