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J Reconstr Microsurg 2013; 29(05): 283-296
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343501
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Dynamic Rehabilitation of Facial Nerve Injury: A Review of the Literature

Amr N. Rabie
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
,
Ahmed M. S. Ibrahim
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
,
Peter S. Kim
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
,
Miguel Medina
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
,
Joseph Upton
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
,
Bernard T. Lee
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
,
Samuel J. Lin
1   Division of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

04 December 2012

30 December 2012

Publication Date:
05 April 2013 (online)

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Abstract

Introduction Given the morbidity caused by facial nerve paralysis, there have been consistent approaches to treatment over the past 20 years in reanimation of the facial nerve. Treatment depends on accurate clinical examination, a good understanding of the anatomic course, and appropriate diagnostic tests. There are various options when it comes to dynamic facial nerve reanimation that range from nerve grafting, nerve anastomosis, crossover techniques and muscle transfer to microneurovascular muscle flaps, and—recently—potentially new concepts with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The various dynamic facial nerve treatment modalities are discussed.

Methods and Results A comprehensive review of the literature was performed detailing various techniques used for dynamic rehabilitation following facial nerve injury and their known results and complications.

Conclusions Currently, techniques have been attempted to achieve adequate dynamic facial reanimation of the paralyzed facial nerve. Despite the advances that have occurred in the last few years, it has been classically very difficult to achieve a House-Brackmann grade better than grade III. Outcomes are improving. Ultimately, the approach depends on the surgeon's experience.

Keywords

facial paralysis - dynamic rehabilitation - muscle transfer
 

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