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Facial Plast Surg 2011; 27(6): 517-522
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298784
© Thieme Medical Publishers
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298784
Neuromodulators: Available Agents, Physiology, and Anatomy
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
28 December 2011 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/fps/201106/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-0031-1298784-1.jpg)
ABSTRACT
Neuromodulators have risen to the forefront of aesthetic medicine. By reversibly relaxing target muscles, neuromodulators exhibit their effect by softening hyperfunctional lines. An understanding of their physiology, relevant facial anatomy, and current agents is imperative for a successful aesthetic practice.
KEYWORDS
Botulinum toxin - neuromodulator - Botox® Cosmetic - Dysport®
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Kartik Nettar
Aesthetic and Facial Plastic Surgery Unit, The Maas Clinic
2400 Clay Street, San Francisco, CA 94115
Email: Drnettar@maasclinic.com