Summary
Epistaxis – bleeding from the nose – can be a symptom of multiple diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. But it can also occur with systemic diseases. It is important to identify the origin and cause of epistaxis as some of the diseases can be life threatening. This article intends to describe how to work up a case presented with epistaxis.
Schlüsselwörter
Epistaxis - blutiger Nasenausfluss - Luftsackmykose
Literatur
-
1 Ainsworth D M, Cheetham J. Disorders of the Respiratory System. In: Reed S M, Bayly W M, Sellon D C, eds. Equine Internal Medicine. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2010: 290-371
-
2
Archer D.
Differential diagnosis of epistaxis in the horse.
In Practice.
2008;
30
20-29
-
3
Barakzai S Z, Dixon P M.
Epistaxis in the horse.
Equine Vet Edu.
2004;
16
207-217
-
4
Cehak A, von Borstel M, Gehlen H, Feige K, Ohnesorge B.
Necrosis of the nasal conchae in 12 horses.
Vet Rec.
2008;
163
300-302
-
5
Colgan S A, Kannegieter N J, Rothwell T.
Epistaxis due to nasal amyloidosis in a horse.
Aust Equine Vet.
1992;
10
137-138
-
6 Couetil L L, Hinchcliff K W. Non-infectious Diseases of the lower Respiratory Tract. In: Hichcliff K W, Kaneps A J, Geor R J, eds. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2004: 613-656
-
7 Couetil L L. Hemorrhagic Nasal Discharge. In: Lavoie J P, Hinchcliff K W, eds. Blackwell's Five-minute Veterinary Consult. 2nd ed. Ames: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008: 367
-
8 Divers T J. Liver Failure and Hemolytic Anemia. In: Orsini J A, Divers T J, eds. Manual of Equine Emergencies. Treatment and Procedures. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2003: 315-338
-
9
Dvorak G D, Spickler A R.
Glanders.
J Am Vet Med Assoc.
2008;
223
570-577
-
10 Edwards B, Greet T. Disorders of the Guttural Pouches. In: McGorum B, Dixon P, Robinson N, Schumacher J, eds. Equine Respiratory Medicine and Surgery. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: 419-437
-
11
Elschner M C, Klaus C U, Liebler-Tenorio E, Schmoock G, Wohlsein P, Tinschmann O, Lange E, Kaden V, Klopfleisch R, Melzer F, Rassback A, Neubauer H.
Burkholderia mallei infection in a horse imported from Brazil.
Equine Vet Edu.
2009;
21
147-150
-
12 Freeman D E. Epistaxis: diagnosis and treatment. Pisa, Italy: Proc Annual Meeting of the Italian Association of Equine Veterinarians; 2003
-
13
Fregin G F, Deem D A.
Epistaxis in horses with atrial fibrillation.
Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract.
1980;
26
431-433
-
14 Holcombe S J, Ducharme N G. Abnormalities of the upper Airway. In: Hichcliff K W, Kaneps A J, Geor R J, eds. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. 2004: 559-598
-
15 Malikides N. Acute Hemorrhage. In: Lavoie J P, Hinchcliff K W, eds. Blackwell's Five-minute Veterinary Consult. 2nd ed. Ames: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008: 364-365
-
16 Mealey R H. Infectious anemia (EIA). In: Lavoie J P, Hinchcliff K W, eds. Blackwell's Five-minute Veterinary Consult. 2nd ed. Ames: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008: 408
-
17
Pollock P J.
Diagnosis and management of guttural pouch mycosis.
Equine Vet Edu.
2007;
19
522-527
-
18
Schumacher J, Dean P, Welch B.
Epistaxis in two horses with dacryohemorrhea.
JAVMA.
1992;
200
366-367
-
19 Seahorn T. Endoscopic Examination of the Guttural Pouches. In: Slovis N M, ed. Atlas of Equine Endoscopy. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004: 83-96
-
20 Seahorn T L, Divers T J. Respiratory System. In: Orsini J A, Divers T J, eds. Manual of Equine Emergencies. Treatment and Procedures. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2003: 501-528
-
21 Slovis N M. Rhinoscopy. In: Slovis N M, ed. Atlas of Equine Endoscopy. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004: 37-53
-
22
Smith L J, Perkins J.
Standing surgical removal of a progressive ethmoidal haematoma invading the sphenopalatine sinuses in a horse.
Equine Vet Edu.
2009;
21
577-581
-
23
Tremaine W H.
The diagnosis and treatment of progressive ethmoidal haemaotoma.
Equine Vet Edu.
2009;
21
582-583
-
24
Veraa S, Dijkman R, Klein W R, van den Belt A J M.
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of malignant sinonasal tumours in three horses.
Equine Vet Edu.
2009;
21
284-288
Dr. Bianca Schwarz, DipECEIM
Pferdeklinik, Abteilung Interne Medizin
Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
Veterinärplatz 1
1210 Wien
Österreich
eMail: dr.bianca.schwarz@googlemail.com
