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DOI: 10.1055/a-2760-5182
Frakturen und Frakturheilungsstörungen bei adulter Hypophosphatasie: Eine Übersicht
Fractures and Fracture-Healing Disorders in Adult Hypophosphatasia: An OverviewAuthors
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die genetisch bedingte Stoffwechselerkrankung Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist durch eine verminderte Aktivität der gewebeunspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (TNSALP) charakterisiert, bei der die Akkumulation von Mineralisationsinhibitoren zu Osteomalazie, zu erhöhter Fragilität von Knochen und zu gestörter Frakturheilung führen kann. Bei Erwachsenen, können niedrigtraumatische metatarsale Insuffizienzfrakturen, atypische Femurfrakturen und verzögerte Frakturheilung im Rahmen der HPP auftreten. Ziel : Darstellung des aktuellen Wissenstandes bei Diagnostik und Therapie von Frakturen und Frakturheilungsstörung bei HPP-Patient:innen.
Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Analyse der Literatur zu dem Thema im Sinne eines narrativen Reviews auf Basis einer PubMed-Suche und der Referenzlisten einschlägiger Übersichtsarbeiten. Eingeschlossen in die Suche wurden klinische Studien, Fallserien, Fallberichte, Leitlinien und Konsensuspapiere.
Ergebnisse
Rezidivierende metatarsale Frakturen und atypische Femurfrakturen gelten als Hauptkriterien, verzögerte Frakturheilung als Nebenkriterium für die Diagnose von HPP. Die Evidenzlage ist begrenzt. Die Recherche identifizierte zehn Fallberichte und Fallserien, zu Enzymersatztherapie mit Asfotase Alfa oder Therapie mit Teriparatid. Fallserien zeigen Hinweise, dass Asfotase Alfa die Konsolidierung auch langjähriger nicht heilender Frakturen verbessern kann. Teriparatid wurde in fünf Arbeiten als individualisierte Off-Label-Option mit heterogenen Ergebnissen beschrieben.
Schlussfolgerungen
Frühe Erkennung HPP-typischer Frakturen und strukturierte Diagnostik sind entscheidend, um eine Therapie einzuleiten. Trotz umfangreicher Studien zur Enzymersatztherapie existieren zur Frakturheilung nur Fallberichte und Fallserien, Gleiches gilt für Teriparatid.
Abstract
Background
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a genetic metabolic bone disorder characterized by reduced activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). The resulting accumulation of mineralization inhibitors can lead to osteomalacia, increased skeletal fragility, and impaired fracture healing. In adults, HPP may manifest with low-trauma metatarsal insufficiency fractures, atypical femur fractures, and delayed fracture healing.
Objective
To summarize current knowledge on the diagnosis and management of fractures and fracture healing disorders in patients with HPP. Methods A narrative review was performed based on a PubMed search and screening of reference lists from relevant reviews. Included were clinical studies, case series, case reports, guidelines, and consensus papers.
Results
Recurrent metatarsal fractures and atypical femur fractures represent major diagnostic criteria for HPP, while delayed fracture healing is considered a minor criterion. Evidence is limited: The literature search identified ten case-based publications on enzyme replacement therapy with asfotase alfa or therapy with teriparatide. Case series suggest that asfotase alfa may promote consolidation of long-standing nonunions. Teriparatide was described in five reports as an individualized off-label option with heterogeneous outcomes.
Conclusions
Early recognition of HPP-typical fractures and structured diagnostic evaluation are essential to initiate appropriate therapy. Despite extensive studies on enzyme replacement therapy, evidence for its effects on fracture healing is limited to case reports and small series; the same applies to teriparatide.
Schlüsselwörter
Hypophosphatasie - Frakturheilung - metatarsale Stressfraktur - Asfotase Alfa - TeriparatidKeywords
Hypophosphatasia - fracture healing - metatarsal stress fracture - asfotase alfa - teriparatidePublication History
Received: 22 October 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
Article published online:
13 February 2026
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