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DOI: 10.1055/a-2349-3461
Tic-Störungen inklusive Tourette-Syndrom bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors
Tics sind in ihrer Form variabel; die Ursachen sind multifaktoriell. Ihr Verlauf ist typischerweise schwankend. Sie beginnen meist im Kindesalter und lassen im Jugendalter häufig wieder nach. Tics treten häufig zusammen mit anderen psychischen Störungen auf, am häufigsten mit ADHS bzw. Zwangsstörungen. Diese Begleitsymptomatik ist für Betroffene oft belastender als die Tics selbst und sollte daher prioritär behandelt werden.
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Tics beginnen typischerweise im Kindesalter, erreichen ihre höchste Ausprägung um die Pubertät herum und nehmen im Jugendalter häufig wieder ab; der Verlauf ist typischerweise schwankend („Waxing and Waning“).
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Ca. 4–12% der Kinder zeigen vorübergehende Tics; in der Bevölkerung finden sich 3–4% chronische Tic-Störungen und etwa 1% erfüllt die Kriterien eines Tourette-Syndroms; Jungen sind häufiger betroffen.
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Die Entstehung ist multifaktoriell; genetische Überlappungen bestehen u. a. mit ADHS und Zwangsstörungen.
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Mütterliches Rauchen in der Schwangerschaft und niedriges Geburtsgewicht sind gut untersuchte Risikofaktoren; darüber hinaus können Stress, Schlafmangel, hormonelle Veränderungen oder bestimmte Medikamente die Tic-Symptomatik verstärken oder vorübergehend auslösen.
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Häufig treten ADHS (ca. 50%) und Zwangsstörungen (ca. 30%) auf, die oft belastender sind als die Tics selbst und vorrangig behandelt werden sollten.
Erste Therapieschritte sind Psychoedukation und ggf. Verhaltenstherapie (z. B. Habit Reversal Training); Antipsychotika können Tics um 25–50% reduzieren, heilen sie jedoch nicht.
Publication History
Article published online:
22 January 2026
© 2026. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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