Metabolic and Endocrine Complications of Long-COVID-19: A Review

Abstract

Over the past two years, the outbreak of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has centralized the interest of the health care systems and the scientific world. The majority of COVID-19-infected individuals recover fully. However, about 12–50% of patients experience various mid- and long-term effects after recovering from the initial illness. These mid- and long-term effects are collectively known as post-COVID-19 condition or 'long-COVID'. In the coming months, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 on the metabolic and endocrine systems may expect to rise and pose a global healthcare challenge. This review article discusses the possible metabolic and endocrine complications of long-COVID and the relevant research findings.

Key words

long-COVID-19 - chronic COVID - post COVID-19 syndrome - metabolic - endocrine - effects of long-COVID

Publication History

Received: 12 December 2022
Received: 28 February 2023

Accepted: 27 March 2023

Accepted Manuscript online:
28 March 2023

Article published online:
17 May 2023

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