Forward-viewing echoendoscope-guided pancreatic duct drainage using a diathermic dilator for a severely stenotic pancreaticojejunal anastomosis

Pancreatic duct (PD) drainage is mainly indicated for main pancreatic duct (MPD) stenosis owing to chronic pancreatitis and stenotic surgical anastomoses. Transpapillary or transanastomotic PD drainage can be performed by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) or balloon-assisted ERP but, for difficult cases, percutaneous or surgical PD drainage is considered [1] [2] [3]. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided PD drainage has been reported, with a high success rate [4].

Here, we present the case of a patient with a stenotic pancreaticojejunal anastomosis after pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with the Imanaga reconstruction (PPPD-Imanaga), in which a pancreatic stent was successfully placed using a forward-viewing echoendoscope and diathermic dilator. An 80-year-old man with carcinoma of the papilla of Vater who had undergone PPPD-Imanaga presented with abdominal symptoms and an elevated serum amylase level. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a dilated MPD without any recurrent masses, which was suggestive of stenosis of the anastomosis ([Fig. 1]). Repeated attempts during transanastomotic ERP failed to cannulate the MPD, so EUS-guided PD drainage was performed ([Video 1]).

Fig. 1 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography image showing the dilated main pancreatic duct (yellow arrowhead).

Video 1 Forward-viewing echoendoscope-guided pancreatic stent placement using a diathermic dilator for a severely stenotic pancreaticojejunal anastomosis.

The PPPD-Imanaga is designed to create an end-to-end gastrojejunostomy, followed by an end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy, and a choledochojejunostomy, meaning it is easy to reach the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy [5]. In this case, EUS with a forward-viewing echoendoscope (TGF-UC260J; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) confirmed the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis and dilation of the MPD to 6 mm in diameter ([Fig. 2] and [Fig. 3]). The MPD was punctured using a 19-gauge needle, which was confirmed by the injection of contrast medium ([Fig. 4]). A guidewire was passed through the MPD and, because of the hard scar tissue around the anastomosis site due to the surgery, the puncture site was dilated using a diathermic dilator (Fine 025; Medico’s Hirata Inc., Osaka, Japan). Next, a 7-Fr plastic stent was placed into the MPD ([Fig. 5]). The devices were easily inserted because the axis of the forward-viewing echoendoscope and that of the guidewire were the same.

Fig. 2 Conventional endoscopic view using indigo carmine dye showing the pancreaticojejunostomy, with a pinhole-like appearance (red arrowhead).

Fig. 3 Forward-viewing endoscopic ultrasound image showing the dilated main pancreatic duct near the pancreaticojejunostomy (white arrowhead).

Fig. 4 Fluoroscopic image showing the dilated main pancreatic duct after the injection of contrast medium, following duct puncture with a 19-gauge needle.

Fig. 5 Conventional endoscopic view showing the plastic stent placed into the main pancreatic duct through the duodenal mucosa near the pancreaticojejunostomy.

EUS-guided PD drainage using a forward-viewing echoendoscope and a diathermic dilator may prove useful in patients with stenotic anastomoses, especially those that are complicated with postoperative hard scar formation.

Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AS_2AD

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

• References

• 1 Dumonceau JM, Delhaye M, Tringli A. et al. Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline – Update August 2018. Endoscopy 2019; 51: 179-193
• 2 Chahal P, Baron TH, Topazian MD. et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in post-Whipple patients. Endoscopy 2006; 38: 1241-1245
• 3 Kamo M, Miyazawa R, Nishiyama T. et al. Percutaneous transgastric pancreatic duct drainage for pancreaticojejunal leak after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Diagn Interv Radiol 2019; 25: 471-472
• 4 Basiliya K, Veldhuijzen G, Gerges C. et al. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography-guided versus endoscopic ultrasound-guided technique for pancreatic duct cannulation in patients with pancreaticojejunostomy stenosis: a systematic literature review. Endoscopy 2021;
• 5 Hashinuma S, Ogata Y, Matsui J. et al. Evaluation of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with the Imanaga reconstruction by hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal dual scintigraphy. Br J Surg 1999; 86: 1306-1311

Publication History

Article published online:
15 March 2021