Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2020; 41(08): 533-538
DOI: 10.1055/a-1128-7166
Training & Testing

Strength Training Induces Greater Increase in Handgrip Strength than Wrestling Training per se

Konstantina Karatrantou
1   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
,
Christina Katsoula
1   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
,
Nikos Tsiakaras
1   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
,
Panagiotis Ioakimidis
1   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
,
Vassilis Gerodimos
1   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of a specialized strength training program on maximal handgrip strength in young wrestlers. 72 young wrestlers (36 children: 8–10 years-old and 36 adolescents:13–15 years-old) participated in the present study. Both age-categories were assigned into a training group (18 children and 18 adolescents) and a control group (18 children and 18 adolescents). The training groups, in conjunction with the wrestling training performed a 4-month (2 sessions/week) specialized handgrip training program. Maximal handgrip strength was evaluated pre, at the intermediate (2 months) and at the completion of the program (4 months). Maximal handgrip strength values increased during the intermediate and post-training measurements compared to pre-training measurement in training and control groups (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed on pre-training and intermediate measurements between groups, while significant differences were observed during the post-training measurement. Training group exhibited significantly (p<0.01) greater maximal handgrip strength values than the control group irrespective of age-category and hand-preference. A 4-month handgrip strength training program, incorporated into the conventional wrestling training, provokes greater adaptations in maximal handgrip strength than the wrestling training per se. For greater handgrip training adaptations are required more than 14 specialized handgrip training-sessions.

Key words

Greco-Roman wrestling - isometric evaluation - hand function - performance - developmental years


Publication History

Received: 00 00 2020

Accepted: 19 February 2020

Article published online:
26 March 2020

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

  • References

  • 1 Mirzaei B, Curby DG, Rahmani-Nia F. et al. Physiological profile of elite Iranian junior freestyle wrestlers. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: 2339-2344
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Yoon J.. Physiological profiles of elite senior wrestlers. Sports Med 2002; 32: 225-233
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Iermakov SS, Podrigalo LV, Jagiełło W.. Hand-grip strength as an indicator for predicting the success in martial arts athletes. Arch Budo 2016; 12: 179-186
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Kraemer WJ, Fry AC, Rubin MR. et al. Physiological and performance responses to tournament wrestling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: 1367-1378
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Kraemer WJ, Vescovi JD, Dixon P.. The physiological basis of wrestling: Implications for conditioning programs. Strength Cond J 2004; 26: 10-15
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Hewett TE, Pasque C, Heyl R et al. Wrestling injuries. In: Caine DJ, Maffulli N, (Eds). Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries. Individual Sports. Basel: Karger; 2005: 152–178
  • 7 Pasque CB, Hewett TE.. A prospective study of high school wrestling injuries. Am J Sports Med 2000; 28: 509-515
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Gerodimos V, Karatrantou K, Dipla K. et al. Age-related differences in peak handgrip strength between wrestlers and nonathletes during the developmental years. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27: 616-623
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Manning VL, Hurley MV, Scott DL. et al. Education, self-management, and upper extremity exercise training in people with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66: 217-227
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Saito M, Iwase S, Hachiya T.. Resistance exercise training enhances sympathetic nerve activity during fatigue-inducing isometric handgrip trials. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 105: 225-234
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Dogu B, Sirzai H, Yilmaz F. et al. Effects of isotonic and isometric hand exercises on pain, hand functions, dexterity and quality of life in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33: 2625-2630
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Matsuse H, Iwasa C, Imaishi K. et al. Hybrid-training method increases muscle strength and mass in the forearm without adverse effect of hand function in healthy male subjects. Kurume Med J 2010; 57: 125-132
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Sangwan Kong S, Lee SK, Kim J. et al. The effect of two different hand exercises on grip strength, forearm circumference, and vascular maturation in patients who underwent arteriovenous fistula surgery. Ann Rehabil Med 2014; 38: 648-657
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Gerodimos V, Karatrantou K.. Reliability of maximal handgrip strength test in pre-pubertal and pubertal wrestlers. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2013; 25: 308-322
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Roemmich JN, Frappier JP.. Physiological determinants of wrestling success in high school athletes. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1993; 5: 134-144
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Terbizan DJ, Seljevold PJ.. Physiological profile of age-group wrestlers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1996; 36: 178-185
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Bar-Or O.. Pediatric Sports Medicine for the Practioner: From Physiologic Principles to Clinical Application. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1983
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Harriss DJ, Macsween A, Atkinson G.. Standards for ethics in sport and exercise science research: 2020 Update. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40: 813-817
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Tanner JM, Whitehouse RH.. Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty. Arch Dis Child 1976; 51: 170-179
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR. et al. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 1334-1359
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Gerodimos V.. Reliability of handgrip strength test in basketball players. J Hum Kinet 2012; 31: 25-36
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Mathiowetz V, Rennells C, Donahoe L.. Effect of elbow position on grip and key pinch strength. J Hand Surg Am 1985; 10: 694-697
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Faigenbaum AD, Zaichkowsky LD, Wescott WL. et al. The effects of a twice-a-week strength training program on children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1993; 5: 339-346
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Ozmun JC, Mikesky AE, Surburg PR.. Neuromuscular adaptations following prepubescent strength training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26: 510-514
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Weltman A, Janney C, Rians CB. et al. The effects of hydraulic resistance strength training in pre-pubescent males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1986; 18: 629-638
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Shields RK, Leo KC, Messaros AJ. et al. Effects of repetitive handgrip training on endurance, specificity, and cross-education. Phys Ther 1999; 79: 467-475
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Moran J, Sandercock GRH, Ramírez-Campillo R. et al. Maturation-related differences in adaptations to resistance training in young male swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32: 139-149
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Cima SR, Barone A, Porto JM. et al. Strengthening exercises to improve hand strength and functionality in rheumatoid arthritis with hand deformities: A randomized, controlled trial. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33: 725-732
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Paratz JD, Stockton K, Plaza A. et al. Intensive exercise after thermal injury improves physical, functional, and psychological outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 73: 186-194
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Rogers MW, Wilder FV.. The effects of strength training among persons with hand osteoarthritis: A two-year follow-up study. J Hand Ther 2007; 20: 244-250
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar