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CC BY-NC 4.0 · Arch Plast Surg 2022; 49(01): 5-11
DOI: 10.5999/aps.2021.01956
Cosmetic
Review Article

Evaluation and treatment of facial feminization surgery: part II. lips, midface, mandible, chin, and laryngeal prominence

Brian N. Dang 
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,
Allison C. Hu 
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,
Anthony A. Bertrand 
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,
Candace H. Chan 
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,
Nirbhay S. Jain 
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,
Miles J. Pfaff 
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,
James C. Lee 
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
,
Justine C. Lee 
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
› Author AffiliationsAll sources of funds supporting the completion of this manuscript are under the auspices of the University of California Los Angeles. This work was supported by the Bernard G. Sarnat Endowment for Craniofacial Biology (JCL). JCL is additionally supported by the Jean Perkins Foundation, the US Department of Veterans Affairs under award number IK2 BX002442, and the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research R01 DE028098.
› Further Information
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Facial feminization surgery (FFS) refers to a set of procedures aimed at altering the features of a masculine face to achieve a more feminine appearance. In the second part of this twopart series, assessment and operations involving the midface, mandible, and chin, as well as soft tissue modification of the nasolabial complex and chondrolaryngoplasty, are discussed. Finally, we provide a review of the literature on patient-reported outcomes in this population following FFS and suggest a path forward to optimize care for FFS patients.

Keywords

Facial feminization surgery - Transgender persons - Gender affirming surgery - Gender dysphoria

The authors thank Amanda K. Ho (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA) for her contributions to Fig. 1 as well as Allison Hu for her contributions to Figs. 2 and 3.




Publication History

Received: 28 October 2021

Accepted: 01 December 2021

Article published online:
02 June 2022

© 2022. The Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, permitting unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

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