Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2019; 12(04): 257-264
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190090
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Relationship of actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency and sleep duration to reactivity to stress

Matthew N. Eiman
1   George Mason University, Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability - Fairfax - Virginia - United States.
,
Julia Mary Louise Pomeroy
1   George Mason University, Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability - Fairfax - Virginia - United States.
,
Ali A. Weinstein
1   George Mason University, Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability - Fairfax - Virginia - United States.
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Objective: Sleep duration is an important predictor of cardiovascular health outcomes, but the role of sleep efficiency is less clear. This study investigated actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency and sleep duration and their relationship with responses to mental and physical challenge tasks.

Methods: To record sleep, actigraph devices were worn on the wrist continuously by 25 participants (age: 33.9±6.9, 60% female) for the duration of a seven-day period. Movement data were used to estimate sleep duration and efficiency. Mental (Stroop test) and physical (cold pressor) challenges were used to assess reactivity to and recovery from stress. During these tasks, heart rate, blood pressure, and emotional states were measured.

Results: Significant findings from the mental challenge included a negative correlation between sleep efficiency and reaction time. There were no significant relationships between sleep efficiency and cardiovascular measures during the mental challenge, but sleep duration was related to cardiovascular reactivity. For the physical challenge, sleep efficiency was positively and significantly correlated with blood pressure recovery and sleep duration was not related to any outcome measures.

Discussion: Previous literature has focused on sleep duration when assessing sleep and cardiovascular outcomes. However, sleep efficiency may be equally or more important when investigating reactivity to and recovery from stress.

Sleep Deprivation - Blood Pressure - Heart Rate - Cardiovascular Disease - Stress, Physiological


Publication History

Received: 29 March 2019

Accepted: 30 September 2019

Article published online:
31 October 2023

© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Consensus Conference Panel, Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, Buysse D, et al. Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: A joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society. Sleep [Internet]. 2015 Jun 1 [cited 2019 Feb 8];38(6):843-4. Available from: https://academic.oup. com/sleep/article-lookup/doi/10.5665/sleep.4716
  • 2 Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research; Colten HR, Altevogt BM. Extent and health consequences of chronic sleep loss and sleep disorders. In: Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research; Colten HR, Altevogt BM, eds. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An unmet public health problem [Internet]. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006 [cited 2019 Feb 26]. p. 55-135. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17226/11617
  • 3 Kripke DF, Garfinkel L, Wingard DL, Klauber MR, Marler MR. Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;59(2):131-6.
  • 4 Tamakoshi A, Ohno Y; JACC Study Group. Self-reported sleep duration as a predictor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study, Japan. Sleep. 2004 Feb 1;27(1):51-4.
  • 5 Patel SR, Ayas NT, Malhotra MR, White DP, Schernhammer ES, Speizer FE, et al. A prospective study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women. Sleep. 2004 May 1;27(3):440-4.
  • 6 Chaput JP, Després JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. The association between sleep duration and weight gain in adults: A 6-year prospective study from the Quebec Family Study. Sleep. 2008 Apr;31(4):517-23.
  • 7 Van Cauter E, Knutson KL. Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008 Dec;159 Suppl 1):S59-66.
  • 8 Cappuccio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Diabetes Care. 2010 Feb 1;33(2):414-20.
  • 9 Dashti HS, Zuurbier LA, de Jonge E, Voortman T, Jacques PF, Lamon- Fava S, et al. Actigraphic sleep fragmentation, efficiency and duration associate with dietary intake in the Rotterdam Study. J Sleep Res. 2016 Aug;25(4):404-11.
  • 10 van den Berg JF, Knvistingh Neven A, Tulen JHM, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, Miedema HME, et al. Actigraphic sleep duration and fragmentation are related to obesity in the elderly: The Rotterdam Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Jul;32(7):1083-90.
  • 11 Strine TW, Chapman DP. Associations of frequent sleep insufficiency with health-related quality of life and health behaviors. Sleep Med. 2005 Jan;6(1):23-7.
  • 12 Miyata S, Noda A, Ozaki N, Hara Y, Minoshima M, Iwamoto K, et al. Insufficient sleep impairs driving performance and cognitive function. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Jan;469(2):229-33.
  • 13 Kabat GC, Xue X, Kamensky V, Zaslavsky O, Stone KL, Johnson KC, et al. The association of sleep duration and quality with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative. Sleep Med. 2018 Oct;50:48-54.
  • 14 Calhoun DA, Harding SM. Sleep and hypertension. Chest. 2010 Aug;138(2):434-43.
  • 15 Gangwisch JE, Heymsfield SB, Boden-Albala B, Buijs RM, Kreier F, Pickering TG, et al. Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hypertension. 2006 May;47(5):833-9.
  • 16 Cappuccio FP, Cooper D, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and metaanalysis of prospective studies. Eur Heart J. 2011 Jun;32(12):1484-92.
  • 17 Tofler GH, Stone PH, Maclure M, Edelman E, Davis VG, Robertson T, et al. Analysis of possible triggers of acute myocardial infarction (the MILIS study). Am J Cardiol. 1990 Jul 1;66(1):22-7.
  • 18 Clark A, Lange T, Hallqvist J, Jennum P, Rod NH. Sleep impairment and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study. Sleep. 2014 May 1;37(5):851-8.
  • 19 Ohayon MM. Epidemiology of insomnia: What we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Med Rev. 2002 Apr;6(2):97-111.
  • 20 Castro-Diehl C, Diez Roux AV, Redline S, Seeman T, McKinley P, Sloan R, et al. Sleep Duration and Quality in Relation to Autonomic Nervous System Measures: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Sleep. 2016 Nov 1;39(11):1927-40.
  • 21 Reinhard W, Plappert N, Zeman F, Hengstenberg C, Riegger G, Novack V, et al. Prognostic impact of sleep duration and sleep efficiency on mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Sleep Med. 2013 Jun;14(6):502-9.
  • 22 Forner-Cordero A, Umemura GS, Furtado F, Gonçalves BDSB. Comparison of sleep quality assessed by actigraphy and questionnaires to healthy subjects. Sleep Sci. 2018 May-Jun;11(3):141-5.
  • 23 Wittmann M, Dinich J, Merrow M, Roenneberg T. Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time. Chronobiol Int. 2006;23(1-2):497-509.
  • 24 Roenneberg T, Allebrandt KV, Merrow M, Vetter C. Social jetlag and obesity. Curr Biol. 2012 May 22;22(10):939-43.
  • 25 Åkerstedt T. Shift work and disturbed sleep/wakefulness. Occup Med (Lond). 2003 Mar;53(2):89-94.
  • 26 Kato M, Phillips BG, Sigurdsson G, Narkiewicz K, Pesek CA, Somers VK. Effects of sleep deprivation on neural circulatory control. Hypertension. 2000 May;35(5):1173-5.
  • 27 Millar-Craig MW, Bishop CN, Raftery EB. Circadian variation of bloodpressure. Lancet. 1978 Apr 15;1(8068):795-7.
  • 28 Linsell CR, Lightman SL, Mullen PE, Brown MJ, Causon RC. Circadian rhythms of epinephrine and norepinephrine in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Jun;60(6):1210-5.
  • 29 Gordon RD, Wolfe LK, Island DP, Liddle GW. A diurnal rhythm in plasma renin activity in man. J Clin Invest. 1966 Oct;45(10):1587-92.
  • 30 Perlis ML, Smith MT, Pigeon WR. Etiology and pathophysiology of insomnia. In: Kryger M, Roth T, Dement W, eds. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2005. p. 714-25.
  • 31 Leproult R, Copinschi G, Buxton O, Van Cauter E. Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening. Sleep. 1997 Oct;20(10):865-70.
  • 32 Joo EY, Yoon CW, Koo DL, Kim D, Hong SB. Adverse effects of 24 hours of sleep deprivation on cognition and stress hormones. J Clin Neurol. 2012 Jun;8(2):146-50.
  • 33 Carroll D, Lovallo WR, Phillips AC. Are Large Physiological Reactions to Acute Psychological Stress Always Bad for Health? Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2009 Sep;3(5):725-43.
  • 34 Chida Y, Steptoe A. Greater cardiovascular responses to laboratory mental stress are associated with poor subsequent cardiovascular risk status: A meta-analysis of prospective evidence. Hypertension. 2010 Apr;55(4):1026-32.
  • 35 Panaite V, Salomon K, Jin A, Rottenberg J. Cardiovascular recovery from psychological and physiological challenge and risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. Psychosom Med. 2015 Apr;77(3):215-26.
  • 36 Massar SAA, Liu JCJ, Mohammad NB, Chee MWL. Poor habitual sleep efficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular and cortisol stress reactivity in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2017 Jul;81:151-6.
  • 37 Franzen PL, Gianaros PJ, Marsland AL, Hall MH, Siegle GJ, Dahl RE, et al. Cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress following sleep deprivation. Psychosom Med. 2011 Oct;73(8):679-82.
  • 38 Mezick EJ, Matthews KA, Hall MH, Richard Jennings J, Kamarck TW. Sleep duration and cardiovascular responses to stress in undergraduate men. Psychophysiology. 2014 Jan;51(1):88-96.
  • 39 Bassett SM, Lupis SB, Gianferante D, Rohleder N, Wolf JM. Sleep quality but not sleep quantity effects on cortisol responses to acute psychosocial stress. Stress. 2015;18(6):638-44.
  • 40 Weinstein AA, Deuster PA, Kop WJ. Heart rate variability as a predictor of negative mood symptoms induced by exercise withdrawal. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Apr;39(4):735-41.
  • 41 Ancoli-Israel S, Cole R, Alessi C, Chambers M, Moorcroft W, Pollak CP. The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep. 2003 May 1;26(3):342-92.
  • 42 Wood DL, Sheps SG, Elveback LR, Schirger A. Cold pressor test as a predictor of hypertension. Hypertension. 1984 May;6(3):301-6.
  • 43 McNair DM, Lorr M, Droppleman LF. Profile of Mood States Manual. San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service; 1992.
  • 44 IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.; 2016.
  • 45 Matthews KA, Katholi CR, McCreath H, Whooley MA, Williams DR, Zhu S, et al. Blood pressure reactivity to psychological stress predicts hypertension in the CARDIA study. Circulation. 2004 Jul 6;110(1):74-8.
  • 46 Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Exercise and sleep: a systematic review of previous meta-analyses. J Evid Based Med. 2017 Feb;10(1):26-36.
  • 47 Myers J. Exercise and cardiovascular health. Circulation. 2003 Jan 7;107(1):e2-5.