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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2019; 12(03): 178-184
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190080
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Nightmare frequency and nightmare distress: Socio-demographic and personality factors

Michael Schredl
1   Central Insitute of Mental Health, Sleep laboratory - Mannheim - BaWue - Germany
,
Anja S. Goeritz
2   University of Freiburg, Psychology Department - Freiburg - BaWue - Germany
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The diagnosis of a nightmare disorder is based on clinically significant distress caused by the nightmares, e.g., sleep or mood disturbances. In order to understand nightmare etiology better empirical research should focus on studying factors that affect nightmare distress in addition to nightmare frequency. Overall, 2492 persons (1437 woman, 1055 men) completed the online survey. Nightmare frequency, global nightmare distress, and personality traits were measured. The findings indicate that in addition to nightmare frequency heightened emotional reactivity measured as neuroticism contribute to global nightmare distress and, thus, supporting the neurocognitive model of Levin and Nielsen (2007). Moreover, the recurring nightmares that relate to a waking-life event were associated with higher nightmare distress. From a clinical viewpoint, it would be desirable to carry out similar surveys using diagnostic interviews in order to determine the presence of a nightmare disorder and study the variables that are related to that diagnosis.

Nightmares - Sleep Disorders - Neuroticism - Mood Disorders - Surveys and Questionnaires


Publication History

Received: 14 February 2019

Accepted: 20 August 2019

Article published online:
31 October 2023

© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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