Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians 2018; 10(04): 448-452
DOI: 10.4103/JLP.JLP_75_18
Original Article

Gallstone disease and quantitative analysis of independent biochemical parameters: Study in a tertiary care hospital of India

Deepak Dhamnetiya
Department of Community Medicine and General Surgery, LHMC and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
,
Manish Kumar Goel
Department of Community Medicine and General Surgery, LHMC and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
,
BalRaj Dhiman
Department of Community Medicine and General Surgery, LHMC and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
,
Om Prakash Pathania
Department of Community Medicine and General Surgery, LHMC and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
› Author Affiliations Financial support and sponsorship Nil
› Further Information
  PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Gallstone disease (GSD) represents a significant burden for health-care systems worldwide and is one of the most common disorders among patients presenting to emergency rooms with abdominal discomfort. This study was aimed to know the association of biochemical parameters and development of GSD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a case–control study from January 2013 to December 2013 among patients attending outpatient department of general surgery at a tertiary care hospital of Delhi, North India; we recruited 120 cases and the same number of controls in the study. Data collection for both cases and controls was done on a self-designed pretested interview schedule and all the patients were investigated for relevant biochemical parameters. Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to find out different correlates and analyze the independent effects of these correlates on GSD.

RESULTS: We have included 120 cases and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls in the study and final analysis. Almost 70% of the cases were females and 30% were males. In multivariate logistic regression, we have found maximum significant association with serum total cholesterol (odds ratio [OR]: 1.013, confidence interval [CI]: 1.003–1.024, P = 0.041) followed by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR: 1.017, CI: 1.001–1.034, P = 0.04) and triglycerides (OR: 1.009, CI: 1.001–1.018, P = 0.049). Fasting blood sugar (P = 0.18), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.07), aspartate transaminase (P = 0.21), alanine transaminase (P = 0.29), and total bilirubin (P = 0.13) were not found to be independently associated with GSD.

Conclusions: Biochemical parameters such as plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol level were independently associated with GSD.

Keywords

Biochemical parameters - case–control study - gallstone disease


Publication History

Received: 28 May 2018

Accepted: 28 September 2018

Article published online:
20 February 2020

© 2018.

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Hung SC, Liao KF, Lai SW, Li CI, Chen WC. Risk factors associated with symptomatic cholelithiasis in Taiwan: A population-based study. BMC Gastroenterol 2011;11:111.
  • 2 Khuroo MS, Mahajan R, Zargar SA, Javid G, Sapru S. Prevalence of biliary tract disease in India: A Sonographic study in adult population in Kashmir. Gut 1989;30:201-5.
  • 3 Unisa S, Jagannath P, Dhir V, Khandelwal C, Sarangi L, Roy TK, et al. Population-based study to estimate prevalence and determine risk factors of gallbladder diseases in the rural Gangetic Basin of North India. HPB (Oxford) 2011;13:117-25.
  • 4 Shaffer EA. Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: Has the paradigm changed in the 21st century? Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2005;7:132-40.
  • 5 Sun H, Tang H, Jiang S, Zeng L, Chen EQ, Zhou TY, et al. Gender and metabolic differences of gallstone diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:1886-91.
  • 6 Liu CM, Tung TH, Chou P, Chen VT, Hsu CT, Chien WS, et al. Clinical correlation of gallstone disease in a Chinese population in Taiwan: Experience at Cheng Hsin general hospital. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:1281-6.
  • 7 Fleiss JL, Levis B, Paik CM. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley InterScience; 2003. p. 89-93.
  • 8 National Family Health Survey for India. 3rd ed. Mumbai, India: International Institute for Population Science; 2006.
  • 9 Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Education; 2015. Available from: th-edition-pdf/">https://www.cmecde.com/download-harrison-principles-of-internal-medicine-19th-edition-pdf/. [Last accessed on 2018 May 22].
  • 10 Sachdeva S, Khan Z, Ansari MA, Khalique N, Anees A. Lifestyle and gallstone disease: Scope for primary prevention. Indian J Community Med 2011;36:263-7.
  • 11 World Health Organization. The Asia Pacific Perspective; Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. Available from: http://www.wpro.who.int/nutrition/documents/docs/Redefiningobesity.pdf. [Last accessed on 2014 Dec 17].
  • 12 National Institute of Nutrition (Indian Council of Medical Research). Dietary Guidelines for Indians-A Manual. Available from: http://www.ninindia.org/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite.pdf. [Last accessed on 2018 Aug 09].
  • 13 Palermo M, Berkowski DE, Córdoba JP, Verde JM, Giménez ME. Prevalence of cholelithiasis in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2013;43:98-105.
  • 14 Xu Q, Tao LY, Wu Q, Gao F, Zhang FL, Yuan L, et al. Prevalences of and risk factors for biliary stones and gallbladder polyps in a large Chinese population. HPB (Oxford) 2012;14:373-81.
  • 15 Kumari DJ, Krishna SH. Role of body mass index, physical activity and nutrients in cholelithiasis in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. J Hum Ecol 2010;31:151-5.
  • 16 Al-Kayatt MK, Al-Youzbaki DB. Sociological risk factors in development of gallstones for childbearing age women. Iraqi J Community Med 2008;2:97-103.
  • 17 Misciagna G, Centonze S, Leoci C, Guerra V, Cisternino AM, Ceo R, et al. Diet, physical activity, and gallstones – a population-based, case-control study in Southern Italy. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:120-6.
  • 18 Sahi T, Paffenbarger RS Jr., Hsieh CC, Lee IM. Body mass index, cigarette smoking, and other characteristics as predictors of self-reported, physician-diagnosed gallbladder disease in male college Alumni. Am J Epidemiol 1998;147:644-51.
  • 19 Walcher T, Haenle MM, Mason RA, Koenig W, Imhof A, Kratzer W, et al. The effect of alcohol, tobacco and caffeine consumption and vegetarian diet on gallstone prevalence. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;22:1345-51.
  • 20 Alsaif MA. Variations in dietary intake between newly diagnosed gallstone patients and controls. Pak J Nutr 2005;4:1-7.
  • 21 De Santis A, Attili AF, Ginanni Corradini S, Scafato E, Cantagalli A, De Luca C, et al. Gallstones and diabetes: A case-control study in a free-living population sample. Hepatology 1997;25:787-90.
  • 22 Channa NA, Khand F, Ghanghro AB, Soomro AM. Quantitative Analysis of serum lipid profile in gallstone patients and controls. Pak J Anal Environ Chem 2010;38:59-65.
  • 23 Gomati A, Elafi S, Rafe H, Abimbola EO, Willido AA, Sahitha R. Study on the risk factors for gallbladder diseases in El-Khoms teaching hospital, Libya. Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1990;2:1-4.
  • 24 Tîrziu S, Bel S, Bondor CI, Acalovschi M. Risk factors for gallstone disease in patients with gallstones having gallstone heredity. A case-control study. Rom J Intern Med 2008;46:223-8.