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DOI: 10.4103/1947-489X.210772
Immune modulating effects of malathion with the role of bradykinin potentiating factor in juvenile male rats
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Background: The use of malathion as an insecticide, is accompanied by the appearance of many adverse effects. Objective: To verify the immunological characteristics of malathion and to determine whether Bradykinin Potentiating Factor (BPF) is able to counteract these effects, and to emphasize the affected pathophysiological mechanisms. Material and methods: Juvenile rats were divided into three groups: animals received a vehicle (control group), malathion (malathion group), or malathion then BPF (BPF group). Each group included three subgroups, which were sacrificed two days after two, four, and six weeks of malathion exposure respectively. BPF subgroups were exposed to malathion, then treated with single, double, and triple successive IP injections of BPF respectively. Results: The concentration of total globulin, total immunoglobulins, IgG, IgM, circulatory immune complexes, total number of RBC & platelets, and hemoglobin concentrations decreased significantly in malathion-exposed animals. The number of total leucocytes and lymphocytes increased. Histopathological changes of bone marrow and spleen after malathion exposure were consistent with these findings. Recovery of bone marrow and splenic changes, normalization of peripheral blood elements, reduction of elevated proinflammatory markers (IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α), total plasma peroxide and oxidative stress index (OSI) while increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were observed after double and triple injections of BPF. Our results suggest that exposure to malathion has negative effects on immune function that was mediated through alteration of cytokines, antioxidants and direct damage of BM. Also, BPF can ameliorate both physiological and morphological changes.
Key-words:
Malathion - Bradykinin Potentiating factor - Immunity parameters - IL-2 - IL-4 - TNF-α - OSI and AcetylcholinesterasePublication History
Received: 22 October 2011
Accepted: 12 June 2012
Article published online:
17 June 2022
© 2012. The Libyan Authorityof Scientific Research and Technologyand the Libyan Biotechnology Research Center. All rights reserved. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License,permitting copying and reproductionso long as the original work is givenappropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, oradapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
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