Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Lab Physicians 2015; 7(02): 075-078
DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.163131
Original Article

Association of Serum Magnesium Deficiency with Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Happy Chutia
Department of Biochemistry North East Indira Gandhi Institute of Health and Medical Science, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
,
Kyrshanlang G Lynrah
Department of General Medicine, North East Indira Gandhi Institute of Health and Medical Science, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
› Author Affiliations Financial support and sponsorship Nil.
› Further Information
  PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the key pathophysiological defect that leads to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to estimate serum magnesium level and insulin sensitivity indices among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to see an association between them.

Methods: This study was carried out among 38 type 2 diabetic patients and forty age and sex matched controls. Serum fasting glucose, magnesium, insulin, urea, and creatinine levels were estimated. Insulin sensitivity indices, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) levels were calculated as per formulae.

Results: A highly significant low serum magnesium level was found in diabetic subjects as compared to the controls. Statistically significant high HOMA levels (>2.6) and low QUICKI levels (< 0.33) were found among the case group. An inverse, statistically significant correlation was found between serum magnesium and fasting insulin level. A highly statistically significant inverse correlation was found between serum magnesium and HOMA level, and a positive correlation was found between serum magnesium and QUICKI level, that is, serum magnesium level decreases with increase in IR. A strong association was also found between fasting serum insulin level and insulin sensitivity indices.

Conclusion: This study showed a lower serum magnesium level in diabetic patients compared to control. A strong association was also found between serum magnesium level and insulin sensitivity indices. For proper management of type 2 diabetes, it may, therefore, be necessary to treat hypomagnesemia in these patients.

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus - homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance - insulin resistance - magnesium - quantitative insulin sensitivity check index


Publication History

Article published online:
19 April 2020

© 2015.

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India

 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2014;37 Suppl 1:S81-90.
  • 2 International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 3rd ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2006
  • 3 Forst T, Standl E, Hohberg C, Konrad T, Schulze J, Strotmann HJ, et al.IRIS II study: The IRIS II score ߝ Assessment of a new clinical algorithm for the classification of insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2004;21:1149-53.
  • 4 Hanefeld M. The metabolic syndrome: Roots, myths, and facts. In: Hanefeld M, Leonhardt W, editors. The Metabolic Syndrome. Jena: Gustav Fischer; 1997. p. 13-24.
  • 5 Himsworth HP. Diabetes mellitus its differentiation into insulin sensitive and insulin insensitive types. Lancet 1936. Diabet Med 2011;28:1440-4.
  • 6 McAuley KA, Williams SM, Mann JI, Walker RJ, Lewis-Barned NJ, Temple LA, et al.Diagnosing insulin resistance in the general population. Diabetes Care 2001;24:460-4.
  • 7 Matsuda M, DeFronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: Comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp. Diabetes Care 1999;22:1462-70.
  • 8 Conwell LS, Trost SG, Brown WJ, Batch JA. Indexes of insulin resistance and secretion in obese children and adolescents: A validation study. Diabetes Care 2004;27:314-9.
  • 9 Singh B, Saxena A. Surrogate markers of insulin resistance: A review. World J Diabetes 2010;1:36-47.
  • 10 Kendall DM. Targeting Insulin Resistance: Diabetes Prevention, Cardiovascular Disease Risk, and the Thiozolidinediones. In Medscape Coverage of American Diabetes Association; 64th Annual Scientific Sessions; 2004.
  • 11 Badyal A, Sodhi KS, Pandey R, Singh J. Serum magnesium levels: A key issue for diabetes mellitus. Jk Science 2011;13:3. Available from: www.jkscience.org.
  • 12 Chambers EC, Heshka S, Gallagher D, Wang J, Pi-Sunyer FX, Pierson RN Jr. Serum magnesium and type-2 diabetes in African Americans and Hispanics: A New York cohort. J Am Coll Nutr 2006;25:509-13.
  • 13 Dasgupta A, Sarma D, Saikia UK. Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2012;16:1000-3.
  • 14 Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;2:366-73.
  • 15 Hruby A, Meigs JB, O'Donnell CJ, Jacques PF, McKeown NM. Higher magnesium intake reduces risk of impaired glucose and insulin metabolism and progression from prediabetes to diabetes in middle-aged Americans. Diabetes Care 2014;37:419-27.
  • 16 Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham PA, Pham SV, Pham HV, Miller JM, et al.Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with more rapid decline of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clin Nephrol 2005;63:429-36.
  • 17 Mountokalakis TD. Magnesium metabolism in chronic renal failure. Magnes Res 1990;3:121-7.
  • 18 Hata A, Doi Y, Ninomiya T, Mukai N, Hirakawa Y, Hata J, et al.Magnesium intake decreases Type 2 diabetes risk through the improvement of insulin resistance and inflammation: The Hisayama Study. Diabet Med 2013;30:1487-94.
  • 19 Lima Mde L, Pousada J, Barbosa C, Cruz T. Magnesium deficiency and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2005;49:959-63.
  • 20 Dong JY, Xun P, He K, Qin LQ. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2116-22.
  • 21 Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Galioto A, Ferlisi A, Cani C, Malfa L, et al.Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X. Mol Aspects Med 2003;24:39-52.
  • 22 Guerrero-Romero F, Tamez-Perez HE, González-González G, Salinas-Martínez AM, Montes-Villarreal J, Treviño-Ortiz JH, et al.Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects with insulin resistance. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Diabetes Metab 2004;30:253-8.
  • 23 Mooren FC, Krü;ger K, Völker K, Golf SW, Wadepuhl M, Kraus A. Oral magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects ߝ A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:281-4.