Evaluation of an overlapping pubic and ischiatic osteotomy for the improvement of acetabular ventroversion in dogs: an ex vivo study

Summary

Objectives: To assess the potential of a new single-session surgical procedure, the overlapping pubic and ischiatic osteotomy (OPIO) for modification of bilateral hip conformation. We hypothesized that OPIO would be simple to perform with currently available surgical equipment, through a single surgical approach, with minimal potential morbidity, and that it would allow adequate simultaneous bilateral improvement of coxofemoral joint conformation in patients at risk of canine hip dysplasia.

Methods: The OPIO procedure was performed in the pelves of five large breed canine cadavers. Computed tomography images of each cadaver were compared by measurement of the dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA), acetabular angle (AA), dorso-ventral sacroiliac ratio (SR), and pubic inlet area before and after OPIO.

Results: Coxofemoral joint conformation was improved after OPIO. Postoperative DARA was significantly decreased (mean: –5.09°) and AA was significantly increased (mean: 3.54°) after OPIO. The SR was not significantly different after OPIO, indicating minimal impact on the sacro-illiac joints by the procedure. Pubic inlet dimensions and area were significantly decreased after OPIO, but the overall effect on pelvic inlet area was clinically insignificant.

Clinical significance: An OPIO allows some improvement of coxofemoral joint conformation in canine cadavers.

Keywords

Canine hip dysplasia - dorsal acetabular rim angle - acetabular angle - DARA - CT - computed tomography - acetabular ventroversion - surgery - canine

• References

• 1 Henricson B, Norberg I, Olsson SE. On the etiology and pathogenesis of hip dysplasia: a compartive review. J Small Anim Pract 1966; 7: 673-688.
• 2 Anderson A. Treatment of hip dysplasia. J Small Anim Pract 2011; 52: 182-189.
• 3 Dueland RT, Adams WM, Fialkowski JP. et al. Effects of pubic symphysiodesis in dysplastic puppies. Vet Surg 2001; 30: 201-217.
• 4 Patricelli AJ, Dueland RT, Adams WM. et al. Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis in dysplastic puppies at 15 and 20 weeks of age. Vet Surg 2002; 31: 435-444.
• 5 Swainson SW, Conzemius MG, Riedesel EA. et al. Effect of pubic symphysiodesis on pelvic development in the skeletally immature Greyhound. Vet Surg 2000; 29: 178-190.
• 6 Dejardin LM, Perry RL, Arnoczky SP. The effect of triple pelvic osteotomy on the articular contact aea of the hip joint in dysplastic dogs: an in vitro experimental study. Vet Surg 1998; 27: 194-202.
• 7 Dejardin LM, Perry RL, Arnoczky SP. et al. The effect of triple pelvic osteotomy on hip force in dyspastic dogs: a theoretical analysis. Vet Surg 1996; 25: 114-120.
• 8 Tomlinson JL, Cook JL. Effects of degree of acetabular rotation after triple pelvic osteotomy on the position of the femoral head in relationship to the acetabulum. Vet Surg 2002; 31: 398-403.
• 9 Vezzoni A, Boiocchi S, Vezzoni L. et al. Double pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasia in young dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2010; 23: 444-452.
• 10 Hara Y, Harada Y, Fujita Y. et al. Changes of hip joint congruity after triple pelvic osteotomy in the dog with hip dysplasia. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64: 933-936.
• 11 Fitch RB, Kerwin S, Hosgood G. et al. Radiogrpahic evaluation and comparison of triple pelvic osteotomy with and without additional ventral plate stabilization in forty dogs - part 1. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2002; 15: 164-171.
• 12 Remedios AM, Fries CL. Implant complications in 20 triple pelvic osteotomies. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1993; 6: 202-207.
• 13 Rose SA, Bruecker KA, Petersen SW. et al. Use of locking plate and screws for triple pelvic osteotomy. Vet Surg 2012; 41: 114-120.
• 14 Rose SA, Peck JN, Tano CA. et al. Effect of a locking triple pelvic osteotomy plate on screw loosening in 26 dogs. Vet Surg 2012; 41: 156-162.
• 15 Schlicksup MD, Holt DE, Mai W. et al. The effect of abaxial retraction on pelvic geometry after pelvic symphysiotomy. Vet Surg 2013; 42: 958-962.
• 16 Johnson KA. Piermattei’s Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones and Joints of the Dog and Cat. 5th ed. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier 2014; 470.
• 17 Dueland RT, Adams WM, Patricelli AJ. et al. Canine hip dysplasia treated by juvenile pubic symphysiodesis. Part I: Two year results of computed tomography and distraction index. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2010; 23: 306-317.
• 18 Wang I S, Mathews KG, Robertson ID. et al. The effects of patient positioning and slice selection on canine acetabular angle assessment with computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46: 39-43.
• 19 Manley PA, Adams WM, Danielson KC. et al. Long-term outcome of juvenile pubic symphysiodesis and triple pelvic osteotomy in dogs with hip dysplasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 230: 206-210.
• 20 Petazzoni M, Tamburro R, Nicetto T. et al. Evaluation of the dorsal acetabular coverage obtained by a modified triple pelvic osteotomy (2.5 pelvic osteotomy): an ex vivo study on a cadaveric canine codel. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2012; 25: 385-389.
• 21 Punke JP, Fox DB, Tomlinson JL. et al. Acetabular ventroversion with double pelvic osteotomy versus triple pelvic osteotomy: a cadaveric study in dogs. Vet Surg 2011; 40: 555-562.
• 22 Vezzoni A, Dravelli G, Vezzoni L. et al. Comparison of conservative management and juvenile pubic symphysiodesis in the early treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2008; 21: 267-279.
• 23 Papadopoulos G, Degna MT. Two cases of dysuria as complication of single-session bilateral triple pelvic osteotomy. J Small Anim Pract 2006; 47: 741-743.
• 24 Graehler RA, Weigel JP, Pardo AD. The effects of plate type, angle of ilial osteotomy, and degree of axial rotation on the structural anatomy of the pelvis. Vet Surg 1994; 23: 13-20.
• 25 Slocum B, Devine TM. Pelvic osteotomy technique for axial rotation of the acetabular segment in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1986; 22: 331-338.
• 26 Eisma R, Wilkinson T. From ‘’silent teachers’’ to models. PLOS Biology 2014; 12: 1-5.
• 27 Clark B, Wallace LJ, Pacchiana P. The effect of pelvic osteotomy plate type on axial rotation of the acetabular segment in the triple pelvic osteotomy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2005; 18: 37-42.
• 28 Fujiki M, Kurima Y, Yamanokuchi K. et al. Computed tomographic evaluation of growth-related changes in the hip joints of young dogs. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68: 730-734.
• 29 Ginja MM, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Jesus SS. et al. Measurement of the femoral neck anteversion angle in the dog using computed tomography. Vet J 2007; 174: 378-383.
• 30 Kishimoto M, Yamada K, Pae S. et al. Quantitative evaluation of hip joint laxity in 22 Border Collies using computed tomography. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 71: 247-250.
• 31 Ginja MMD, Ferreira AJA, Jesus SS. et al. Comparison of clinical, radiographic, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging methods for early prediction of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Radial Ultrasound 2009; 50: 135-145.
• 32 Volta A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Salvaggio A. et al. Effect of pelvic inclination and torsional deformity on canine acetabular morphology with computed tomography. A phantom study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2013; 26: 440-444.
• 33 Ocal MK, Kara ME, Turan E. Computed tomographic measurements of the hip morphology of 10 healthy German Shepherd dogs. Vet Rec 2004; 155: 392-395.
• 34 Lopez MJ, Lewis BP, Swaab ME. et al. Relationships among measurements obtained by use of computed tomography and radiography and scores of cartilage microdamage in hip joints with moderate to severe joint laxity of adult dogs. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69: 362-370.
• 35 Wang I S, Mathews KG, Robertson ID. et al. The effects of patient positioning and slice selection on canine acetabular angle assessment with computed tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46: 39-43.