Alimentäre Aufnahme von Opioid-Alkaloiden durch Pferde

Zusammenfassung

Bei einer Antidopingkontrolle und in einem Vergiftungsfall wurden im Urin von Pferden Opioid-Alkaloide nachgewiesen. In beiden Fällen gab es Anlass zur Vermutung, dass die Pferde mohnhaltige Futtermittel aufgenommen hatten. Zur Abklärung dieses Verdachts wurden mögliche Quellen für Opioid-Alkaloide in Deutschland mittels Literaturrecherche identifiziert und die im Intoxikationsfall vorliegenden Futterproben botanisch bzw. chemisch analysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen zeigten, dass beide Fälle vermutlich durch die in den Futtermitteln enthaltenen Mohnbestandteile verursacht wurden. Dies verdeutlicht eine bislang in Deutschland unterschätzte Gefährdung von Pferden durch mohnhaltige Futtermittel. Zur Vermeidung von positiven Dopingbefunden und Intoxikationen durch solche Futtermittel werden Empfehlungen gegeben und ein Grenzwert für Morphin im Pferdeurin bei Antidopingkontrollen vorgeschlagen.

Summary

Opioid alkaloids were identified in the urine of horses during an antidoping control and in a case of intoxication. In both cases, it was suspected that the horses had ingested poppy-contaminated feed. To verify this suspicion, possible opioid alkaloid sources in Germany were identified through a literature research. Additionally, the contaminated feed was botanically and chemically analysed. The results indicated that both cases were most probably caused by the poppy in the feed. This highlights the previously underestimated risk of an intake of poppy-contaminated feed in horses. Recommendations are formulated for the prevention of positive doping-test results and intoxications by poppy-contaminated feeds in horses. Furthermore, a threshold for morphine in urine samples in competing horses is proposed.

Schlüsselwörter

Morphin - Doping - Schlafmohn - Blaumohn - Vergiftung

Keywords

Morphine - doping - opium poppy - poppy seeds - intoxication

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