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Thromb Haemost 2010; 104(04): 811-822
DOI: 10.1160/TH09-11-0786
Cardiovascular Biology and Cell Signalling
Schattauer GmbH

Characterisation and potential diagnostic value of circulating matrix Gla protein (MGP) species

Ellen C. M. Cranenburg
1   VitaK and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
,
Ralf Koos
2   Department of Cardiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
,
Leon J. Schurgers
1   VitaK and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
,
Elke J. Magdeleyns
1   VitaK and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
,
Thea H. M. Schoonbrood
3   Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
,
Robert B. Landewé
3   Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
,
Vincent M. Brandenburg
2   Department of Cardiology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
4   Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
,
Otto Bekers
5   Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
,
Cees Vermeer
1   VitaK and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Publikationsverlauf

Received: 20. November 2009

Accepted after major revision: 08. Juni 2010

Publikationsdatum:
24. November 2017 (online)

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Summary

Matrix γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) protein (MGP) is an important local inhibitor of vascular calcification, which can undergo two post-translational modifications: vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamate carboxylation and serine phosphorylation. While carboxylation is thought to have effects upon binding of calcium-ions, phosphorylation is supposed to affect the cellular release of MGP. Since both modifications can be exerted incompletely, various MGP species can be detected in the circulation. MGP levels were measured with two commercially available competitive and two novel sandwich assays in healthy controls, in patients with rheumatic disease, aortic valve disease, and end-stage renal disease, as well as in volunteers after vitamin K supplementation (VKS) and treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Major differences were found between the MGP assays, including significantly different behaviour with regard to vascular disease and the response to VKA and VKS. The dual-antibody assay measuring non-phosphorylated, non-carboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) was particularly sensitive for these changes and would be suited to assess the vascular vitamin K status. We conclude that the different assays for particular circulating MGP species allows the assessment of various aspects of the MGP system.

Keywords

Calcification - cardiovascular disease - Gla-domain proteins - matrix Gla protein - vitamin K
 

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