Stevia: Building the Science and Safety from Botanical to Mainstream Natural Sweetener

Stevia is a generic term for extracts from the herb Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), while the sweet components are more precisely known as steviol glycosides. Long-standing questions about the specifications or characterization of the materials, safety, and special population effects have previously prevented steviol glycosides from being considered a mainstream natural sweetener. In order to provide the answers as well as bridge to the safety gaps, a strategic step-wise, research program was undertaken. Essential elements of the program included: complete characterization of the ingredient, general and reproductive toxicology, metabolism and pharmacokinetic analysis, clinical research, intake/exposure assessment, assurance of appropriate GMP to support specifications, and stability in food systems. A holistic approach to the communication of technical and scientific supporting data was used to ensure general recognition of safety by qualified individuals (GRAS). Efforts are ongoing to promote consistent quality standards within the industry, and to provide due diligence with respect to safety from the post-marketing perspective.