Endoscopic GIST resection using FlushKnife ESD and subsequent perforation closure by means of endoscopic full-thickness suturing

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been debated whether the morbidity and mortality associated with surgery are acceptable when removing these lesions, which have a low potential for malignancy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables en-bloc resection of such lesions regardless of their size and shape. However, ESD is associated with a risk of perforation of up to 5 %, depending on the size and location of the lesion. In order to maintain better visualization during ESD, the Fujinon FlushKnife (Fujinon, Willich, Germany) has been recently developed [1] [2] [3].

The case presented here involved a 58-year-old man with a gastric GIST ([Fig. 1]). Tumor resection was performed by means of FlushKnife ESD ([Fig. 2]) following submucosal injection of 30 ml saline containing epinephrine 1 : 10 000. GIST enucleation was performed endoscopically within 32 minutes. After ESD it became obvious that the gastric wall had been perforated, with air leakage and visible abdominal distension. Endoscopic full-thickness suturing of the perforation site was attempted to avoid surgical intervention ([Fig. 3] and [4], [Video 1]). The endoscopic suturing time was 12 minutes and an adequate suturing result was confirmed endoscopically. Enteral feeding was reestablished within 48 hours, and control gastroscopy at 72 hours after treatment confirmed complete closure of the perforation before the patient was discharged ([Fig. 5] and [6]).

The NDO Plicator device (NDO Surgical Inc., Mansfield, Massachusetts, USA), which enables endoscopic transmural suturing, was initially developed for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Limited experience of using this device for closure of gastrointestinal wall defects has been reported elsewhere [4] [5] [6]. The resultant sealing is composed of the edges of the former defect bound with a nonabsorbable, pledgeted transmural suture ([Fig. 4]). A negative aspect of the transmural procedure is the risk of blindly incorporating or damaging adjacent organs. In addition, the risk of fistulation and migration of the nonresorbable pledgeted sutures is unknown at present. Nevertheless, the Plicator might be a useful endoscopic suturing device allowing surgical intervention to be avoided if perforation occurs.

Fig. 1 Histopathological examination of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) was positive for CD117 and CD34 with no evidence of SMA, S100, or neurofilament. Four percent of the tumor cells expressed Ki-67 antigen.

Fig. 2 GIST enucleation using the FlushKnife.

Fig. 3 Perforation closure by means of endoscopic full-thickness suturing. The Plicator is advanced to the perforation site and the retractor is positioned at the border of the lesion.

Fig. 4 The endoscopic full-thickness suture.

Fig. 5 The ESD resection site is inspected 72 hours after treatment.

Fig. 6 The transmural sutures closing the gastric wall perforation are inspected 72 hours after treatment.

Video 1 Perforation closure by means of endoscopic full-thickness suturing.

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References

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