Nehmen psychische Störungen zu? Eine systematische Literaturübersicht

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen Eine Zunahme psychischer Störungen seit Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird angenommen und in einen Zusammenhang mit dem sozialen Wandel der Gesellschaft gebracht. Die hierfür angeführten psychiatrisch-epidemiologischen Studien sind häufig nicht geeignet, diese Problemstellung zu analysieren. Methode Systematische Literaturübersicht mit folgenden Einschlusskriterien: Analyse unterschiedlicher Studienpopulationen mit zeitlichem Abstand, mindestens zwei Messzeitpunkte, möglichst identisches Studiendesign. Ergebnisse 44 Arbeiten zeigen, dass weder bei allgemeinen psychischen Störungen noch bei spezifischen Störungsbildern ein eindeutiger anhaltender Trend in Richtung Anstieg belegt werden kann. Dies gilt auch für kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Störungen. Schlussfolgerungen Die unterstellte Zunahme psychischer Störungen aufgrund des sozialen Wandels der Gesellschaft kann nicht bestätigt werden.

Abstract

Objective In the public opinion as well as in psychiatry, increasing rates of mental disorders have been taken for granted since the 1950 s. Usually, social change in the western world is regarded as the main cause of an increase in mental disorders. However, psychiatric epidemiologic studies on which these claims are based are often not suitable to analyse the problem. Methods A systematic review with strict inclusion criteria was undertaken: different study samples had to be analyzed at least at two measurements points with identical study designs. Results 44 papers were identified which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Neither general mental disorders nor specific disorders such as depression, anxiety, addictions or eating disorders showed a clearly increasing trend. Child- and adolescent psychiatric disorders also failed to show an increasing trend. Conclusions The assumption of increasing rates of mental disorders since the 1940 s that is based on social change cannot be confirmed.

Schlüsselwörter

psychiatrische Epidemiologie - Trends - systematische Übersicht

Key words

psychiatric epidemiology - trends - systematic review

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