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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1039149
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Aktuelle Ergebnisse notfallmedizinischer Forschung
Publication History
Publication Date:
08 December 2008 (online)
Kernaussagen
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Mehrere aktuelle notfallmedizinische Studien hatten zum Ziel, bereits bekannte Therapieansätze unter kontrollierten Bedingungen an größeren Patientenkollektiven zu überprüfen.
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Beim akuten Koronarsyndrom überwiegt der Nutzen eines schnellen Transports des Patienten in ein Herzkatheterzentrum im Allgemeinen den Nutzen einer vor Ort begonnenen Reperfusionstherapie mittels Thrombolyse.
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Patienten mit Subarachnoidalblutung können von einem erweiterten Neuromonitoring mit Messung des zerebralen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks und von der Therapie mit Pravastatin profitieren. Eine intensivierte Insulintherapie sollte dagegen kritisch gegen die Risiken einer Hypoglykämie abgewogen werden.
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Beim Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ist die Therapie mit Albuminlösungen obsolet. Die Normoventilation beatmeter Patienten mit Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ist bereits präklinisch relevant und verbessert das Überleben dieser Patienten. Bei Kindern mit schwerem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma kann die therapeutische Hypothermie über 24 Stunden derzeit nicht empfohlen werden.
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Glukokortikoide sind bei Kindern mit bakterieller Meningitis generell nicht mit einem Überlebensvorteil assoziiert, Hydrokortison sollte bei Kindern nur im volumen- und katecholaminrefraktären septischen Schock eingesetzt werden.
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Patienten mit Kreislaufstillstand profitieren von einer suffizient durchgeführten Herzdruckmassage. Derzeit ist unklar, inwieweit die alleinige Herzdruckmassage durch Laienhelfer die Kombination von Thoraxkompressionen und Beatmung ersetzen kann. Die häusliche Stationierung halbautomatischer Defibrillatoren kann für Patienten nach Myokardinfarkt nicht generell empfohlen werden.
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Prof. Dr. Bernd W. Böttiger
Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin
Kerpener Straße 62
50937 Köln
Phone: 02 21/4 78-48 07
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Email: bernd.boettiger@uk-koeln.de