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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038772
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Hämangiomtherapie im Kindesalter: medikamentöse Therapiemöglichkeiten und ihre Grenzen
Medical Treatment of Children with Hemangiomas and its LimitationsPublication History
eingereicht 8.1.2008
akzeptiert 18.6.2008
Publication Date:
15 December 2008 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Kinder mit lebensbedrohlichen oder verunstaltenden Hämangiomen bedürfen immer einer systemischen medikamentösen Therapie. Als initiales Medikament wird Prednisolon in einer Dosierung von 2–3 mg/kg/Tag per os verabreicht. Bei nicht genügendem Ansprechen auf Kortison kann die Therapie durch Gabe von Interferon-α in Dosierungen zwischen 1–3 Millionen E/m2/Tag subkutan erweitert werden, jedoch muss auf die Nebenwirkungen, allen voran auf die Spastizität der unteren Extremitäten engmaschig geachtet werden. Eine Alternative zu Interferon-α sind zytostatische Substanzen, vor allem das Zytostatikum Vincristin, das in einer Dosierung von 0,05 mg/kg für Kinder unter 10 kg und 1,5 mg/m2 bei Kindern über 10 kg bei einmaliger wöchentlicher streng intravenöser Gabe in der Hämangiomtherapie erfolgreich eingesetzt wurde. Bei fehlendem Ansprechen der lebensbedrohlichen Hämangiome auf die schon erwähnten Medikamente wurde auch eine Therapie mit Zyklophosphamid in einer Dosierung von 10 mg/kg/Tag intravenös an 3 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Medikamentöse Therapie bleibt weiterhin eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe für alle Betroffenen und soll nur in den dafür spezialisierten Zentren durchgeführt werden.
Abstract
Children with disfiguring and/or life-threatening hemangiomas need medical treatment. Initial therapy comprises the oral administration of prednisolone in a dosage between 2–3 mg/kg/day. In cases of insufficient response to prednisolone the therapy may be extended by additional subcutaneous administration of interferon-α in a dosage between 1–3 million U/m2/day. However, due to the possible serious side effects of interferon-α, such as irreversible spastic diplegia, this therapy must be accompanied by close and meticulous neurological examinations of the treated children. The chemotherapeutic substance vincristine has nowadays become an alternative to interferon-α for life-threatening hemangiomas. The substance proved effective in a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg for children less than 10 kg and 1.5 mg/kg for children more than 10 kg given weekly strictly intravenously. In worst-case scenarios, a successful disease control has been achieved by intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide in a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day given on 3 consecutive days. Medical treatment of children with life-threatening hemangiomas still remains challenging for all involved persons and should always be performed in specialised centres.
Schlüsselwörter
Hämangiom - Therapie - Medikamente
Key words
hemangioma - treatment - drugs
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Dr. med. Emir Q. Haxhija
Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendchirurgie
Medizinische Universität Graz
Auenbruggerplatz 34
8036 Graz
Österreich
Email: emir.haxhija@meduni-graz.at