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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027132
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Diagnostik bei Endophthalmitis
Diagnostics for EndophthalmitisPublikationsverlauf
Eingegangen: 24.11.2007
Angenommen: 14.1.2008
Publikationsdatum:
31. Januar 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Eine infektiöse Endophthalmitis ist eine schwerwiegende Komplikation nach intraokularen Operationen, perforierenden Verletzungen oder nach septischer Streuung. Der Nachweis des verursachenden Keims hat große Bedeutung für die Therapie. Die publizierten Angaben über einen erfolgreichen Keimnachweis schwanken zwischen 24 % und 95 %. Um stabil hohe Keimnachweisraten zu erhalten, bewährt es sich unserer Erfahrung nach, alle zur Kultivierung erforderlichen Materialien im Operationssaal vorrätig zu haben. Wichtig ist ein Set geeigneter Kulturmedien: Wir verwenden Festnährböden wie Columbia-Blut-, Hämatin-, ENDO- und Hefe-Zystein-Blut-Agar sowie ein Flüssiganreicherungsmedium (Nährbouillon). Die Medien können direkt im Operationssaal mit den entnommen Proben aus Glaskörper und/oder Vorderkammer beimpft werden. Ist ein sofortiger Transport in ein mikrobiologisches Labor nicht möglich, ist eine Bebrütung unter optimalen Bedingungen in der Augenklinik eine Alternative. Parallel kann unverdünntes Material für eine eubakterielle PCR genutzt werden. Während die PCR mit Standardmethoden nur den Keimnachweis bringen kann, liefern die Standardkulturverfahren auch Informationen zum Resistenzverhalten. Wird bei Verdacht auf eine Pilzendophthalmitis eine Vitrektomie durchgeführt, so wird die Glaskörperspülflüssigkeit gesammelt, zentrifugiert und kultiviert. Bei Verdacht auf eine endogene Endophthalmitis ist auch die Kultivierung von Material aus dem primären Infektfokus bzw. aus septischen Absiedlungen (z. B. Abszesspunktate) anzustreben. Die Abnahme von Blutkulturen ist obligatorisch. Mit diesem Vorgehen kann ein stabil hoher Keimnachweis erreicht werden.
Abstract
Infectious endophthalmitis is a serious complication of intraocular surgery, perforating injury, or septic dissemination. Detection of the causative microorganisms is essential for effective treatment. Published positive culture rates vary from 24 to 95 %. To achieve a high positive rate of detection of microorganisms all material necessary to set up a culture has to be available in the operation theatre. Important is a variety of appropriate culture media: we use Columbia, Hematin, ENDO and yeast-cysteine blood plates as well as a nutrient solution. Samples may be brought into the culture media directly within the operation theatre. If no immediate transport to a specialised laboratory is possible, media may be cultured in the eye hospital under optimal conditions. Concurrently, undiluted samples should be used for eubacterial PCR. While standard PCR can only detect the causative microorganism, standard culture procedures provide additional information regarding resistance to antimicrobiological therapies. In the case of presumed fungal endophthalmitis the collected vitrectomy fluid has to be centrifuged and thereafter cultured. In presumed endogenous endophthalmitis also extraocular samples should be examined (e. g., blood culture and smears from other sites of infection). With this approach a high detection rate can be achieved in patients with endophthalmitis.
Schlüsselwörter
Infektiologie - intraokulare Entzündungen - Mikrobiologie - Retina - Glaskörper - Endophthalmitis
Key words
infectious diseases - intraocular Inflammation - microbiology - vitreous - retina - endophthalmitis
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Dr. Thomas Neß
Universitäts-Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
Killianstraße 5
79106 Freiburg
Telefon: ++ 49/7 61/2 70 40 53
Fax: ++ 49/7 61/2 70 40 45
eMail: thomas.ness@uniklinik-freiburg.de