Thyroid-Related Orbitopathy: Concepts and Management

ABSTRACT

Thyroid-related orbitopathy is a disorder related to systemic thyroid dysfunction, which can cause devastating orbital disease affecting nearly all of the orbital tissues. This includes orbital and eyelid abnormalities that may be acute, subacute, or chronic. The disease is complex and difficult to treat due varying activity of the systemic thyroid disease. The resulting morbidity of the disease ranges from mildly abnormal cosmesis and ocular irritation to blindness. A systematic approach to successful management of this disease requires timely medical and surgical interventions.

KEYWORDS

Thyroid-related orbitopathy - Graves' orbitopathy - thyroid eye disease

REFERENCES

• 1 Char DH Thyroid Eye Disease. 2nd ed. Woburn, MA; Butterworth-Heinemann 1990: 155-178
• 2 Arthurs B P. Eyelid reaction in thyroid-associated orbitopathy. In: Della Rocca RC, Bedrossian EH, Arthurs BP Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery: Decision Making and Techniques. New York; McGraw-Hill 2002: 99-110
• 3 Schaefer S D, Soliemanzadeh P, Della Rocca D A et al.. Endoscopic and transconjunctival orbital decompression for thyroid-related orbital apex compression.  Laryngoscope. 2003;  113 508-513
• 4 Lemke B N, Shovlin J P. Thyroid eye disease eyelid retraction. In: Dortzback RD Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery. New York; Ravin Press 1994: 395-412