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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-981207
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE) des Hepatozellulären Karzinoms (HCC) bei Patienten mit Pfortaderthrombose - Erfahrungen
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Patients with Portal Vein Thrombosis - ExperiencesPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
27. August 2007 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Vergleichende Analyse des Krankheitsverlaufes von Patienten mit initialem Nachweis einer Pfortaderthrombose bei HCC, die mittels sequenzieller TACE behandelt wurden. Beurteilung der Effektivität und Sicherheit der Methode an einem selektionierten Patientengut. Patienten und Methode: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden 22 Patienten mit einem HCC vorgestellt, die unter palliativer Zielsetzung mittels TACE mindestens 3-mal behandelt wurden. Alle Patienten wiesen zum Diagnosezeitpunkt eine mittels kontrastmittelverstärkter CT diagnostizierte Pfortaderthrombose auf. Die TACE wurde mit einer Embolisatsuspension bestehend aus 10,0 mg Mitomycin C sowie 10-20 ml Lipiodol vorgenommen. Die Kontrolle des Krankheitsverlaufes erfolgte mittels KM-verstärktem Multislice-CT sowie Kontrolle der Laborparameter (Blutbild, Leberenzyme und Gerinnungsparameter). Ergebnisse: Das mittlere Überleben war 15,7 ± 8,0 Monate (95 %-CI 19,0-26,7) bei einem durchschnittlichen Follow-up nach der letzten TACE von 6,1 ± 4,8 Monaten. Es wurden 5,5 ± 2,7 TACE pro Patient durchgeführt. Im Untersuchungszeitraum sind 17 / 22 (77,3 %) Patienten verstorben. In 23,5 % der Fälle wurde eine Leberinsuffizienz und in 58,8 % das Tumorleiden als Todesursache angenommen. Die kumulative 1-, 2- und 3-Jahres-Überlebensrate betrug 55,0, 21,0 und 0 %. Die durchschnittliche Tumorgröße betrug bei Behandlungsbeginn 7,2 ± 3,4 cm. Ein unifokales HCC lag in 18,2 % der Fälle vor und ein multifokales HCC in 81,8 %. In 59 % der Fälle waren zum Diagnosezeitpunkt beide Leberlappen betroffen. Im Falle einer Tumorinfiltration der Pfortader fand sich ein signifikant schlechteres Überleben (p = 0,01; kumulatives 1- und 2-Jahres-Überleben 46 % und 8 % vs. 77 % und 46 %). Die Child-Pugh-Klasse und die Tumorgröße bei Behandlungsbeginn hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Prognose. Schlussfolgerung: Die palliative Behandlung des HCC mittels TACE zeigt für Patienten mit initialem Nachweis einer Pfortaderthrombose eine verbesserte Überlebensrate. Die Frequenz an durch Leberdekompensation verstorbenen Patienten ist nicht erhöht. Patienten mit einer Tumorinfiltration der Pfortader zeigten ein signifikant schlechteres Überleben als Patienten mit einer blanden Pfortaderthrombose. Eine Pfortaderthrombose zum Diagnosezeitpunkt des HCC stellt nach unserer Ansicht keine absolute Kontraindikation zur TACE-Therapie dar, die Auswahl der Patienten zur TACE-Therapie muss die Leberfunktion der Patienten jedoch kritisch berücksichtigen.
Abstract
Purpose: Comparative analysis of the course of disease in patients with initial diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis in HCC treated with sequential TACE. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the method in a selected patient cohort. Patients and Methods: The study included 22 patients with HCC that were palliatively treated at least 3 times with TACE. All patients presented a portal vein thrombosis in the initial CT investigation. The TACE-procedure was carried out in regular intervals using a suspension consisting of a fixed dosage of Mitomycin C (10 mg) and 10-20 ml Lipiodol. Follow-up investigations were carried out with contrast enhanced Multislice-CT before and after TACE and control of the laboratory panel (i. e. blood count, liver enzymes and coagulation). Results: Mean survival was 15.7 months (95 %-CI 11.6-19.8) with a mean follow-up after last TACE of 6.1 ± 4.8 months. The mean number of TACE procedures was 5.5 ± 2.7. During the investigation period 17 / 22 (77.3 %) patients died. In 23.5 % retrospective analysis revealed a liver decompensation as the cause of death and in 58.8 % patients died from the tumor disease. The cumulative 1-, 2- and 3-year survival was 55.0, 21.0 and 0 %. The mean tumor size was 7.2 ± 3.4 cm. Unifocal tumors were found in 18.2 % of the cases whereas multifocal tumors were found in 81.8 %. In 59.1 % of the patients tumor extended to both liver lobes. In case of tumor infiltration of the portal vein survival was significantly worse compared to patients with no evidence of a tumor thrombosis (p = 0.01; cumulative 1- and 2-year survival 46 % and 8 % vs. 77 % and 46 %). Conclusion: The palliative treatment of the HCC with TACE shows an improvement of survival. There was no increase of death due to liver decompensation in our cohort. Patients with a tumor infiltration of the portal vein showed a significantly worsened survival. The presence of a portal vein thrombosis at the initial diagnosis of the HCC is not an absolute contraindication for TACE treatment but patients have to be elected carefully with critical regard to their liver function.
Schlüsselwörter
TACE - HCC - Überleben - Pfortaderthrombose - Tumorinfiltration
Key words
TACE - HCC - portal vein thrombosis - survival - tumor invasion
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Dr. S. Herber
Oberarzt der Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie · Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität · Mainz
Langenbeckstr. 1
55131 Mainz
Telefon: 00 49/61 31/17 20 19
Fax: 00 49/61 31/17 66 33
eMail: herber@radiologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de