Zusammenfassung
Seit über 10 Jahren steht die endovaskuläre Therapie abdomineller Aortenaneurysmen als eine im Vergleich zur offenen Aortenrekonstruktion weniger invasive und weniger belastende Alternative zur Verfügung. Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Singlezenterstudie werden die mittelfristigen Ergebnisse der endoluminalen Aneurysmachirurgie beim alten Menschen (> 75 Jahre) retrospektiv analysiert. Dabei wurden als klinische Endpunkte aneurysmabezogene Morbidität und Mortalität, Endoleckagen Typ I oder III, Niereninfarkt- und Konversionsrate, Ruptur bzw. Aneurysma-assoziierte Sterblichkeit sowie die Häufigkeit von Zweiteingriffen definiert. Zwischen August 1994 und Oktober 2001 wurden 654 Patienten (604 Männer, Durchschnittsalter 68,5 Jahre, Spanne 40-98) einer Endograftimplantation unterzogen. Davon waren 157 Patienten (20 %) älter als 75 Jahre. Der mittlere Nachuntersuchungszeitraum betrug 37 Monate (Spanne 0,1-75). Die endovaskuläre Therapie des Bauchaortenaneurysmas weist im Vergleich zu Patienten < 75 Jahre beim alten Patienten eine signifikant höhere Niereninfarktrate (9,1 vs. 21 %, p = 0,0001), Endoleckagerate (24,3 vs. 33 %, p = 0,0299) und Konversionsrate (5,8 vs. 11,5 %, p = 0,0173) auf. Die Aneurysma-assoziierten Komplikationen und Todesfälle sind ebenfalls signifikant erhöht (p = 0,0011 bzw. 0,0001). Bei dieser demografisch wichtigen und wachsenden Patientengruppe ist deshalb eine besonderes strenge Indikationsstellung notwendig. Die höhere Komplikations- und Mortalitätsrate entfacht erneut die Diskussion um eine frühzeitigere Operation bei jüngeren Patienten und damit auch kleineren Aneurysma-Durchmessern. Die Frage nach der Berechtigung der Behandlung alter Menschen mit kostenträchtigen Methoden ist insbesondere in der endovaskulären Therapie aortaler Aneurysmen nahe liegend. Randomisierte Studien stehen in Einklang mit der vorgestellten Monozenterstudie, wonach die endovaskuläre Aneurysmachirurgie bei über 75-Jährigen mit erhöhten Komplikationsraten ohne nachweisbaren mittelfristigen Überlebensvorteil einhergeht.
Abstract
During the past decade, endovascular aneurysm stent graft repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms has emerged as a less invasive and less burdening alternative to open surgical repair. We hypothesize that EVAR may become the treatment method of choice among elderly patients. During a 7-year-period, EVAR was performed in 654 patients at our institution. One hundred fifty seven (20 %) of these patients were older than 75 years. Our prospectively acquired database was reviewed with respect to midterm results of this elderly population. Aneurysm-related events (aneurysm-related death, endoleaks, conversion, renal infarction or aneurysm rupture) and secondary interventions were the main study endpoints. There were significantly (p < 0.05) higher endoleackage-, conversion and renal infarction rates among this subgroup of patients. In addition, aneurysm related morbidity and mortality were significantly elevated (p = 0.0011). The discussion about early operation at younger age and smaller aneurysm diameter continues. Nevertheless, improved EVAR devices and surgeon experience may make improve future results. Elective endovascular repair failed to demonstrate any benefit in elderly patients (> 75 yrs.) in the midterm outcome. In rupture, this procedure might be the treatment method of choice for patients in this age group who meet specific anatomical criteria.
Schlüsselwörter
Aorta - Endograft - endovaskulär - Aneurysma - Alter
Key words
aorta - aneurysm - endovascular - stent graft - elderly
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Priv. Doz. Dr. med. D. Böckler
Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie · Vaskuläre und Endovaskuläre Chirurgie · Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
Im Neuenheimer Feld 110
69120 Heidelberg
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Email: dittmar_boeckler@med.uni-heidelberg.de