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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-980107
Impfstrategien bei Schwerem Akutem Respiratorischem Syndrom (SARS)
Immunisation Strategies for the Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)Publikationsverlauf
eingereicht 16.4.2007
akzeptiert 8.7.2007
Publikationsdatum:
29. August 2007 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/pneumologie/200710/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2007-980107-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Die Mehrzahl der Patienten mit schwerem akutem respiratorischem Syndrom (SARS) bildet Antikörper gegen das SARS Coronavirus und überlebt die Infektion. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, dass eine aktive oder passive Immunisierung eine wichtige Maßnahme der Prävention und/oder Therapie von SARS sein könnte. Die Entwicklung von Impfstoffen ist daher ein wichtiges Ziel der SARS Forschung. Durch eine Datenbankrecherche wurde der Stand zu möglichen Impfstrategien analysiert. Die passive Immunisierung mit Seren genesener Patienten zeigte teilweise Erfolge. Obwohl die passive Immunisierung eine viel versprechende Therapiestrategie zu sein scheint, ist die Entwicklung einer aktiven Vakzine zur Prävention einer erneuten SARS-Pandemie sehr wichtig. Weltweit arbeiten zahlreiche Gruppen an der Entwicklung von Impfstoffen mit inaktivierten SARS Coronaviren, rekombinanten Untereinheiten, rekombinanter DNA und viralen Vektoren. Alle neuen Impfstoffe müssen jedoch kritisch evaluiert werden, da die durch Impfung induzierten Antikörper auch eine Steigerung der Viruslast und Exazerbation der Erkrankung verursachen können.
Abstract
Most patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) develop antibodies against the SARS coronavirus and survive the infection. This suggests that active or passive immunisation might be an effective option in preventing or treating SARS. Therefore, the development of SARS vaccination strategies belongs to the most important targets of SARS research. The present study analyses data-bases for the current knowledge on vaccination strategies. Both, passive and active immunisation protocols are presently being developed. Passive immunisation with sera from surviving patients leads to partial success. Whereas the passive immunisation exhibits a promising therapeutic tool, only active immunisation can successfully prevent infection. A number of approaches has been used on the basis of inactivated SARS coronaviruses, recombinant subunits, recombinant DNA, and viral vectors. However, all recently developed candidates need to be evaluated critically before clinical use. The so-called “antibody-dependent enhancement” can improve viral uptake into host cells resulting in increased viral load and exacerbation of disease.
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Dr. med. Mathias W. Pletz
Zentrum Innere Medizin Abteilung Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1 OE6870
30625 Hannover
eMail: pletz.mathias@mh-hannover.de