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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973888
A Survey of Synthetic Routes towards the Pyranonaphthoquinone Antibiotic Pentalongin and Syntheses of the Corresponding Nitrogen Derivatives
Publication History
Publication Date:
26 March 2007 (online)
Abstract
A survey through the synthetic possibilities of pentalongin and its derivatives is presented. Pentalongin is the parent compound in the 3,4-dehydropyranonaphthoquinone series and is the active principle of the medicinal plant Pentas longiflora. Attention is paid to eight approaches towards these 3,4-dehydropyranonaphthoquinones. Synthetic methodologies for the corresponding nitrogen analogues are described, focusing on several natural products.
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1 Historical Background
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2 Isolation of Pyranonaphthoquinone Antibiotics
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2.1 Isolation of Pentalongin
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2.2 Isolation of Related Naphthoquinones
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2.3 Stability of Pentalongin
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3 Pyranonaphthoquinone Antibiotics
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4 Evaluation of Synthetic Strategies towards Pentalongin
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4.1 Retrosynthetic Analysis
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4.2 Base-Induced Intramolecular Cyclization (A)
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4.3 Acid-Induced Cyclization (B)
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4.4 Friedel-Crafts Cyclization (C)
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4.5 Lemieux-Johnson Oxidation of 2-Allyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (D)
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4.6 Ring Closure via Lactonization (E)
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4.7 Ring Closure Using Grubbs’ Methodology (F)
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4.8 Heck Cyclization (G)
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4.9 Phthalide-Coupling Reaction (H)
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5 Nitrogen Analogues of Pentalongin
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5.1 Occurrence and Bioactivity
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5.2 Synthetic Approaches towards 2-Aza-anthraquinones
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6 Other Isolated Quinones and Syntheses Thereof
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6.1 Synthesis of Harounoside
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6.2 Synthesis of Isagarin
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6.3 Synthesis of 2-Alkoxymethyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,4-naphthoquinones
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7 Concluding Remarks
Key words
quinones - natural products - heterocycles - pentalongin - 2-aza-anthraquinones
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References and Notes
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