Antiplatelet Activity of Geranylgeraniol Isolated from Pterodon pubescens Fruit Oil is Mediated by Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1

Abstract

Geranylgeraniol is a natural isoprenoid with anti-inflammatory properties extracted from the Pterodon pubescens Benth. fruit oil (PpO). In this work, the antiplatelet effect of both PpO and geranylgeraniol is investigated. ADP-, thrombin- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation in human and rabbit platelets showed a prime involvement of PpO and geranylgeraniol in the arachidonic acid cascade. The lack of any significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by U-46 619 and thrombin, associated with PpO and geranylgeraniol suppression of prostaglandin E₂ and thromboxane A₂ formation demonstrate, for the first time, the involvement of geranylgeraniol in the AA metabolisation by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme.

Abbreviations

ADP:adenosine diphosphate

AA:arachidonic acid

COX:cyclooxygenase

PG:prostaglandin

PpO:Pterodon pubescens fruits oil

PPP:platelet poor plasma

PRP:platelet rich plasma

RA:rheumatoid arthritis

SDM:standard deviation of the mean

TX:thromboxane

TXS:thromboxane synthase

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