Krankenhaushygiene up2date 2007; 2(1): 21-36
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966252
Antibiotikaanwendung

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Antibiotikaanwendung und Resistenzentwicklung

Bernd  Wiedemann
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
02 April 2007 (online)

Kernaussagen

Durch die Zunahme multimorbider Patienten, die in hohem Maße für komplizierte Infektionen mit multiresistenten Bakterien prädisponiert sind, ist es notwendig, klare Strategien zur Eindämmung der Resistenzentwicklung anzuwenden. Dazu gehört in erster Linie ein mikrobiologisches Laboratorium mit modernen Methoden zur Identifizierung von Mikroorganismen und zu deren Resistenzbestimmung auf hohem methodischem Niveau (Bestimmung der MHK) mit hinreichender, auch klinisch-infektiologischer Sachkenntnis. Eine Auswertung aller mikrobiologischer Befunde mit der entsprechenden Aufbereitung zu übersichtlichen Statistiken, ein enger Kontakt zwischen Labor und behandelndem Arzt, eine effektive Antibiotikakontrolle, die sich an den spezifischen mikrobiologischen Daten orientiert und konsequent durchgehalten werden muss und eine ständige Infektionskontrolle sind unabdingbare Voraussetzungen. Alle an diesem Programm beteiligten Personen müssen dabei eng und vertrauensvoll zusammenarbeiten.

Literatur

  • 1 Drosten C, Gunther S, Preiser W. et al . Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome.  N Engl J Med. 2003;  348 1967-1976
  • 2 Livermore D M. Multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: our worst nightmare?.  Clin Infect Dis. 2002;  34 634-640
  • 3 Urban C, Segal-Maurer S, Rahal J J. Considerations in control and treatment of nosocomial infections due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.  Clin Infect Dis. 2003;  36 1268-1274
  • 4 Vandenesch F, Naimi T, Enright M C. et al . Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergence.  Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;  9 978-984
  • 5 Peterson L R. Squeezing the antibiotic balloon: the impact of antimicrobial classes on emerging resistance.  Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;  11 Suppl 5 4-16
  • 6 Austin D J, Kristinsson K G, Anderson R M. The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;  96 1152-1156
  • 7 Bronzwaer S L, Cars O, Buchholz U. et al . A European study on the relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance.  Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;  8 278-282
  • 8 Garcia-Rey C, Martin-Herrero JE, Baquero F. Antibiotic consumption and generation of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: the paradoxical impact of quinolones in a complex selective landscape.  Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;  12 Suppl 3 55-66
  • 9 Barger A, Fuhst C, Wiedemann B. Pharmacological indices in antibiotic therapy.  J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;  52 893-898
  • 10 Stock I, Wiedemann B. Natural antibiotic susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, K. planticola, K. ornithinolytica and K. terrigena strains.  J Med Microbiol. 2001;  50 396-406
  • 11 Heisig P, Wiedemann B. [Action and reaction. Actions and resistance mechanisms of quinolone].  PharmUnserer Zeit. 2001;  30 382-393
  • 12 Firsov A A, Sirnova M V, Lubenko I Y. et al . Testing the mutant selection window hypothesis with Staphylococcus aureus exposed to daptomycin and vancomycin in an in vitro dynamic model.  J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;  58 1185-1192
  • 13 Hawkey P M. Quinolones in sweat and quinolone resistance.  Lancet. 1997;  349 148-149
  • 14 Kresken M, Hafner D. Drug resistance among clinical isolates of frequently encountered bacterial species in central Europe during 1975 - 1995. Study Group Bacterial Resistance of the Paul-Ehrlich-Society for Chemotherapy.  Infection 27 Suppl. 1999;  2 2-8
  • 15 Harbarth S, Liassine N, Dharan S. et al . Risk factors for persistent carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.  Clin Infect Dis. 2000;  31 1380-1385
  • 16 Vakulenko S B, Mobashery S. Versatility of aminoglycosides and prospects for their future.  Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;  16 430-450
  • 17 Gerding D N, Larson T A, Hughes R A. et al . Aminoglycoside resistance and aminoglycoside usage: ten years of experience in one hospital.  Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991;  35 1284-1290
  • 18 VanLanduyt H W, Boelaert J, Glibert B, Gordts B, Verbruggen A M. Surveillance of aminoglycoside resistance. European data.  Am J Med. 1986;  80 76-81
  • 19 Livermore D. Bacterial resistance to carbapenems.  Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;  390 25-47
  • 20 Burke J P. Antibiotic resistance-squeezing the balloon?.  JAMA. 1998;  280 1270-1271
  • 21 Rahal J J, Urban C, Horn D. et al . Class restriction of cephalosporin use to control total cephalosporin resistance in nosocomial Klebsiella.  JAMA. 1998;  280 1233-1237
  • 22 Livermore D M. The impact of carbapenemases on antimicrobial development and therapy.  Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2002;  3 218-224
  • 23 Wiegand I, Wiedemann B. Microbial Resistance to Drugs. In: Offermanns S,Rosenthal W (eds) Encyclopedic Reference of Molecular Pharmacology. Berlin, Heidelberg; Springer 2004: 594-600
  • 24 Eveillard M, Schmit J L, Eb F. Antimicrobial use prior to the acquisition of multiresistant bacteria.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;  23 155-158
  • 25 Lee S O, Kim N J, Choi S H. et al . Risk factors for acquisition of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a case-control study.  Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;  48 224-228
  • 26 Carmeli Y, Eliopoulos G M, Samore M H. Antecedent treatment with different antibiotic agents as a risk factor for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.  Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;  8 802-807
  • 27 Tokars J I, Satake S, Rimland D. et al . The prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus at a Veterans’ Affairs institution.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;  20 171-175
  • 28 Anand A, Bashey B, Mir T, Glatt A E. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcome of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;  89 519-523
  • 29 Carling P, Fung T, Killion A, Terrin N, Barza M. Favorable impact of a multidisciplinary antibiotic management program conducted during 7 years.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;  24 699-706
  • 30 Yip C, Loeb M, Salama S, Moss L, Olde J. Quinolone use as a risk factor for nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.  Infect,Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2001;  22 572-575
  • 31 Bush K. New beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria: diversity and impact on the selection of antimicrobial therapy.  Clin Infect Dis. 2001;  32 1085-1089
  • 32 Nordmann P. Trends in beta-lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae.  Clin Infect Dis 27 Suppl. 1998;  1 100-106
  • 33 Fasola E L, Fasching C E, Peterson L R. Molecular correlation between in vitro and in vivo activity of beta-lactam and beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.  J Lab Clin Med. 1995;  125 200-211
  • 34 Yokota T. Inactivation of beta-lactamases by sulbactam and enhanced clinical activity due to target-site binding of the combination of sulbactam and ampicillin.  APMIS Suppl. 1989;  5 9-16
  • 35 Finlay J, Miller L, Poupard J A. A review of the antimicrobial activity of clavulanate.  J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;  52 18-23
  • 36 Hawkey P M. Mechanisms of quinolone action and microbial response.  J Antimicrob Chemother 51 Suppl. 200;  1 29-35
  • 37 Hooper D C. Mechanisms of action of antimicrobials: focus on fluoroquinolones.  Clin Infect Dis 32 Suppl. 2001;  1 9-15
  • 38 Neuhauser M M, Weinstein R A, Rydman R. et al . Antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units: implications for fluoroquinolone use.  JAMA. 2003;  289 885-888
  • 39 Kaye K S, Kanafani Z A, Dodds A E. et al . Differential effects of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on the risk for isolation of quinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;  50 2192-2196
  • 40 Li X Z, Nikaido H. Efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria.  Drugs. 2004;  64 159-204
  • 41 Oh H, Stenhoff J, Jalal S, Wretlind B. Role of efflux pumps and mutations in genes for topoisomerases II and IV in fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.  Microb Drug Resist. 2003;  9 323-328
  • 42 Freeman C D, Nicolau D P, Belliveau P P, Nightingale C H. Once-daily dosing of aminoglycosides: review and recommendations for clinical practice.  J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997;  39 677-686
  • 43 Gilbert D N. Once-daily aminoglycoside therapy.  Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991;  35 399-405
  • 44 Karlowsky J A, Jones M E, Thornsberry C, Friedland I R, Sahm D F. Trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from hospitalized patients in the United States from 1998 to 2001.  Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;  47 1672-1680
  • 45 Zervos M J, Hershberger E, Nicolau D P. et al . Relationship between fluoroquinolone use and changes in susceptibility to fluoroquinolones of selected pathogens in 10 United States teaching hospitals, 1991 - 2000.  Clin Infect Dis. 2003;  37 1643-1648
  • 46 Peterson L R, Postelnick M, Pozdol T L, Reisberg B, Noskin G A. Management of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa - outcome of monitored use in a referral hospital.  Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1998;  10 207-214
  • 47 Paladino J A, Sunderlin J L, Forrest A, Schentag J J. Characterization of the onset and consequences of pneumonia due to fluoroquinolone-susceptible or -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;  52 457-463
  • 48 Beyer R, Pestova E, Millichap J J. et al . A convenient assay for estimating the possible involvement of efflux of fluoroquinolones by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for diminished moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin efflux.  Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000;  44 798-801
  • 49 Davidson R J, Campbell S. Increased use of the 8-methoxy-fluoroquinolones correlates with a decrease in fluoroquinolone resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the maritime region of Canada. San Francisco; ICAAC 2006: Abstract C2-434
  • 50 Graffunder E M, Venezia R A. Risk factors associated with nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection including previous use of antimicrobials.  J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;  49 999-1005
  • 51 Weber S G, Gold H S, Hooper D C, Karchmer A W, Carmeli Y. Fluoroquinolones and the risk for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitalized patients.  Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;  9 1415-1422
  • 52 Gaynes R, Rimland D, Killum E. et al . Outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection in a long-term care facility: association with gatifloxacin use.  Clin Infect Dis. 2004;  38 640-645
  • 53 McCusker M E, Harris A D, Perencevich E, Roghmann M C. Fluoroquinolone use and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.  Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;  9 730-733
  • 54 Gerding D N. Clindamycin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: this is an antimicrobial resistance problem.  Clin Infect Dis. 2004;  38 646-648
  • 55 Bradley S J, Kaufmann M E, Happy C. et al . The epidemiology of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci on a haematology unit-analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.  Epidemiol Infect. 2002;  129 57-64
  • 56 Wilhelm M P, Estes L. Symposium on antimicrobial agents-Part XII. Vancomycin.  Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;  74 928-935
  • 57 Hiramatsu K. The emergence of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in Japan.  Am J Med. 1998;  104 7-10
  • 58 Bozdogan B, Appelbaum P C. Oxazolidinones: activity, mode of action, and mechanism of resistance.  Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004;  23 113-119
  • 59 Wiedemann B. Test results: characterising the antimicrobial activity of daptomycin.  Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;  8 Suppl 12 9-14
  • 60 Allington D R, Rivey M P. Quinupristin/dalfopristin: a therapeutic review.  Clin Ther. 2001;  23 24-44
  • 61 Karakitsos D, Paramythiotou E, Samonis G, Karabinis A. Is intraventricular colistin an effective and safe treatment for post-surgical ventriculitis in the intensive care unit?.  Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006;  50 1309-1310
  • 62 Jones C H, Petersen P J. Tigecycline: a review of preclinical and clinical studies of the first-in-class glycylcycline antibiotic.  Drugs Today (Barc). 2005;  41 637-659

Prof. Dr. Bernd Wiedemann

Böstens Hoi 15
24882 Schaalby

Email: be-wiedemann@t-online.de

    >