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Int J Sports Med 1989; 10: S3-S10
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1024947
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Nationwide Survey on Nutritional Habits in Elite Athletes

Part 1 : Energy, Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Intake*A. M. J. van Erp-Baart1 , W. H. M. Saris2 , R. A. Binkhorst, J. A. Vos, J. W. H. Elvers
  • Dept. of Physiology, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen
  • 1CIVO-TNO Toxicology and Nutrition Institute, Zeist
  • 2Dept. of Human Biology, University of Limburg, BMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
* Supported by a grant from the National Sport-Totalisator Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Publication Date:
14 March 2008 (online)

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Nationwide Survey on Nutritional Habits in Elite AthletesInt J Sports Med 1989; 10(S 1): S11-S16
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1024948

Abstract

Information about habitual food intake was systematically obtained from elite endurance, strength, and team sport athletes. The athletes (n = 419) trained at least 1-2 h daily and competed on an international level.

A 4- or 7-day food diary was kept. For analysis of the data, a computerized food table was used. Mean energy intake varied from 12.1-24.7 MJ per day for male and 6.8-12.9 MJ per day for female athletes. Protein intake was in agreement with or higher than the Dutch recommendations. Contribution of carbohydrate intake to total energy intake varied from 40%-63%. Fat intake tended to meet the criteria for a prudent diet (<35%).

Snacks contributed about 35% to the total energy intake and the bread/cereals and dairy food groups were the most important energy sources. It is concluded that in general there are two major concerns.

In those sports in which body composition plays an important role, energy and thus nutrient intake is often marginal. In all groups of athletes intake of carbohydrate is insufficient.

Key words

nutritional habits - elite athletes - energy - carbohydrate - protein - fat