RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-955113
History and Principles of Exercise-Based Therapy: How They Inform Our Current Treatment
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
21. November 2006 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/ssl/200604/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2006-955113-1.jpg)
Abstract
Exercises designed to strengthen muscles involved in respiration, phonation, and articulation play a key role in the remediation of voice and swallowing disorders. This article presents exercise physiology principles that are beginning to be used by a small group of speech and swallowing researchers to undergird their efficacy-based studies of exercise-based therapy. Three principles-contraction type, task specificity, and overload-are used to compare past exercise-based therapies with present therapies. Comparisons are made between today's methods and Oskar Guttmann's (1893) principles for strengthening muscles of respiration, Emil Froeschels' (1944) therapy to improve laryngeal function, and the myofunctional therapy of the 1960s to improve swallowing and articulation.
KEYWORDS
History - exercise-based therapy - muscle contraction - task specificity - muscle overload
REFERENCES
- 1 Duchateau J, Hainaut K. Isometric or dynamic training: differential effects on mechanical properties of a human muscle. Am Physiol Society. 1984; 56 296-301
- 2 McDonagh M, Davies C. Adaptive response of mammalian skeletal muscle to exercise with high loads. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1984; 52 139-155
- 3 DeLorme T. Restoration of muscle power by heavy resistance exercises. J Bone Joint Surg. 1945; 27 645-667
- 4 Cerny F, Burton H. Exercise Physiology for Health Care Professionals. Champaign, IL; Human Kinetics 2001
- 5 Clark H. Neuromuscular treatments for speech and swallowing: a tutorial. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2003; 12 400-415
- 6 Robin D, Goel A, Somodi L, Luschei E. Tongue strength and endurance: relation to highly skilled movements. J Speech Hear Res. 1992; 35 1239-1245
- 7 Thorstensson A, Hulten B, Von Dobeln W, Karlsson J. Effect of strength training on enzyme activities and fibre characteristics in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Scand. 1976; 96 392-398
- 8 Coyle E, Feiring D, Rotkis T et al.. Specificity of power improvements through slow and fast isokinetic training. Am Physiol Society. 1981; 51 1437-1442
- 9 Moore C A, Smith A, Ringel R. Task-specific organization of activity in human jaw muscles. J Speech Hear Res. 1988; 31(4) 670-680
- 10 Gonyea W. Role of exercise in inducing increases in skeletal muscle fiber number. J Appl Physiol. 1980; 48 421-426
- 11 Guttmann O. Aesthetics of physical culture. The Voice. 1882; 4 61-63
- 12 Guttmann O. Gymnastics of the Voice: A System of Correct Breathing in Singing and Speaking, Based upon Physiological Laws. A Self-Instructor in the Training and Use of the Singing and Speaking Voice. Albany, NY; Edgar S Werner 1882
- 13 Guttmann O. Gymnastics of the Voice: A Method for the Cure of Stuttering and Stammering. 3rd ed. New York; Edgar S Werner 1893
- 14 Froeschels E. Laws in the appearance and development of voice hyperfunctions. J Speech Dis. 1940; 5 1-4
- 15 Froeschels E. Experiences of a bloodless treatment for recurrens-paralysis. J Laryngol Otol. 1944; 59 347-358
- 16 Froeschels E, Kastein S, Weiss D. A method of therapy for paralytic conditions of the mechanisms of phonation respiration and glutination. J Speech Hear Disord. 1955; 20 365-370
- 17 Brodnitz F. Vocal Rehabilitation. Rochester, MN; American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology 1971
- 18 Luchsinger R, Arnold G. Voice-Speech-Language. 4th ed. Belmont, CA; Wadsworth 1965
- 19 Rogers A P. Exercises for the development of the muscles of the face, with a view to increasing their functional activity. Dent Cosmos. 1918; 60 857-876
- 20 Rogers A P. Muscle training and its relation to orthodontia. Int J Orthod. 1918; 4 555-577
- 21 Straub W. Malfunction of the tongue. Part III. Am J Orthod. 1962; 48 486-503
- 22 Harrington R, Breinholt V. The relation of oral mechanism malfunction to dental and speech development. Am J Orthod. 1963; 49 84-93
- 23 Barrett R, Hanson L. Oral Myofunctional Disorders. 1st ed. St. Louis, MO; Mosby 1974
- 24 Kofler L. Art of Breathing as the Basis of Tone-Production for Singers, Elocutionists, Educators, Lawyers, Preachers, and All Others Desirous of Having Good Health. New York; Kessinger 1887
- 25 Cerny F, Panzarella K, Stathopoulos E. Expiratory muscle conditioning in hypotonic children with low vocal intensity levels. J Med Speech-Lang Pathol. 1997; 5 141-152
- 26 Baker S, Davenport P, Sapienza C. Examination of strength training and detraining effects in expiratory muscles. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005; 48 1325-1333
- 27 Ramig L O, Sapir S, Countryman S et al.. Intensive voice treatment (LSVT) for patients with Parkinson's disease: a two-year follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001; 71 493-498
- 28 Robbins J, Gangnon R, Theis S. Kays, Hewitt, A, Hind, J. The effects of lingual exercise on swallowing in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005; 53 1483-1489
- 29 Shaker R, Kern M, Bardan E et al.. Augmentation of deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening in the elderly by exercise. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 1997; 35 G1518-G1522
Elaine StathopoulosPh.D.
Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo
2535 Main Street, 122 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214
eMail: stathop@buffalo.edu