Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000084.xml
Synthesis 2006(21): 3531-3541
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-950311
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-950311
REVIEW
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis
Further Information
Received
1 June 2006
Publication Date:
09 October 2006 (online)
Publication History
Publication Date:
09 October 2006 (online)
Abstract
The introduction and removal of protecting groups are steps that unnecessarily increase the length of multistep syntheses. Hence, efficient syntheses are those that avoid the use of protecting groups. Protecting-group-free syntheses are highlighted in this review, in order to illustrate strategies by which the use of protecting groups can be minimized.
-
1 Introduction.
-
2 Early Examples
-
3 In the 21st Century
-
3.1 Protection/Deprotection in situ
-
3.2 Biogenesis-Oriented Synthesis
-
3.3 Reliance on Transition-Metal-Catalysed Skeleton Formation
-
3.4 Order of Introduction of Functional Groups
-
4 Conclusion
Key words
protecting groups - efficiency - synthesis
- 1
Kocienski PJ. Protecting Groups Thieme; Stuttgart: 1994. - 2
Koert U. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34: 1370 ; Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 2215 - 3
Hendrickson JB. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97: 5784 -
4a
Hardegger E.Lohse F. Helv. Chim. Acta 1957, 40: 2383 -
4b See also:
Kuhn R.Kirschenlohr W. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1956, 600: 115 - 5
Chan TH.Li CJ. Can. J. Chem. 1992, 70: 2726 - 6
Mantell SJ.Fleet GW.Brown D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1992, 3023 - 7
Archibald SC.Hoffmann RW. Chemtracts: Org. Chem. 1993, 6: 194 - 8
Rychnovsky SD.Bartlett PA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103: 3963 - 9
Armstrong SK. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1998, 371 -
10a
Trost BM.Toste FD.Pinkerton AB. Chem. Rev. 2001, 101: 2067 -
10b
Trost BM.Toste FD. Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40: 7739 -
11a
Krasovskiy A.Knochel P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43: 3333 ; Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 3396 -
11b
Krasovskiy A.Straub BF.Knochel P. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45: 159 ; Angew. Chem. 2006, 118, 165 -
11c
Wang X.-j.Sun X.Zhang L.Xu Y.Krishnamurthy D.Senanayake C. Org. Lett. 2006, 8: 305 -
12a
Giese B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1983, 22: 753 ; Angew. Chem. 1983, 95, 771 -
12b
Giese B. Radicals in Organic Synthesis: Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds Pergamon Press; Oxford: 1986. p.22 -
12c
Hoffmann HMR. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31: 1332 ; Angew. Chem. 1992, 104, 1361 - 13
Nicolaou KC.Vourloumis D.Winssinger N.Baran PS. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39: 44 ; Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 46 - 14
Koyama Y.Lear MJ.Yoshimura F.Ohashi I.Mashimo T.Hirama M. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 267 - 15
Zeng Y.Aubé J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 15712 -
16a
Molander GA.Czakó B.St. Jean DJ. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71: 1172 -
16b
Molander GA.St. Jean DJ.Haas J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 1642 - 17
Saksena A.Girijavallabhan VM.Wang H.Liu Y.-T.Pike RE.Ganguly AK. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37: 5657 - 18
Booker-Milburn KI.Jenkins H.Charmant JPH.Mohr P. Org. Lett. 2003, 5: 3309 - 19
Robichaud J.Tremblay F. Org. Lett. 2006, 8: 597 - 20
Carey JS.Laffan D.Thomson C.Williams MT. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2006, 4: 2337 - 21
Baran PS.Richter JM. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 15394 -
22a
Ready JM.Reisman SE.Hirata M.Weiss MW.Tamaki K.Ovaska TV.Wood JL. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43: 1270 ; Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 1290 -
22b
Reisman SE.Ready JM.Hasuoka A.Smith CJ.Wood JL. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 1448 - 23
Baran PS.Richter JM. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 7450 - For selected further examples, see:
-
24a
Comins DL.Brown JD. Tetrahedron Lett. 1981, 22: 4213 -
24b
Müller A.Beckert R.Schönecker B.Weiß D. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1993, 1279 -
24c
Krüger J.Hoffmann RW. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119: 7499 -
24d
Vroman JA.Khan I.Avery MA. Synlett 1997, 1438 - 25
Yokoyama Y.Hikawa H.Mitsuhashi M.Uyama A.Hiroki Y.Murakami Y. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2004, 1244 - 26
Barbarow JE.Miller AK.Trauner D. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 2901 - 27
Roethle PA.Trauner D. Org. Lett. 2006, 8: 345 - 28
Huang Q.Rawal VH. Org. Lett. 2006, 8: 543 -
29a
Jacobsen MF.Moses JE.Adlington RM.Baldwin JE. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 641 -
29b
Jacobsen MF.Moses JE.Adlington RM.Baldwin JE. Tetrahedron 2006, 62: 1675 - 30
Hu Y.Brown RCD. Chem. Commun. 2005, 5636 - 31
Fraunhoffer KJ.Bachovchin DA.White MC. Org. Lett. 2005, 7: 223 - 32
Yohimizu T.Song JJ.Wang G.-Q.Masamune S. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62: 8978 -
33a
McFadden RM.Stoltz BM. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 7738 -
33b
Lindström UM.Ding R.Hidestal O. Chem. Commun. 2005, 1773 -
34a
Nakata T.Nomura S.Matsukura H.Morimoto M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37: 217 -
34b
Ohki M.Mori K.Matsui M. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1974, 38: 175 - 35
Holland JM.Lewis M.Nelson A. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68: 747 -
36a
Hendrickson JB. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93: 6847 -
36b
Smit WA.Bochkov AF.Caple R. Organic Synthesis: The Science behind the Art Royal Society of Chemistry; Cambridge: 1998. Chap 2.8. p.98