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Synlett 2006(12): 1953-1955  
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-947334
LETTER
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

A Novel Synthesis of N-Arylamides from Nitroarenes via Reductive N-Acylation with Red Phosphorus and Iodine

Xiaohua Du, Mei Zheng, Sheng Chen, Zhenyuan Xu*
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. of China
Fax: +86(571)88320066; e-Mail: chrc@zjut.edu.cn;
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Publication History

Received 18 February 2006
Publication Date:
24 July 2006 (online)

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Abstract

A series of N-arylamides and imides were synthesized via reductive N-acylation of nitroarenes with red phosphorus and carboxylic acids, catalyzed by iodine or iodides; an I-/I0 redox cycle was proposed to promote the reaction.

Key words

N-arylamide - nitroarene - reductive N-acylation - red phosphorus - iodine

    References and Notes

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9

S -(5-Acetylamino-2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)ethane-thioate: To a solution of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzene-sulfonyl chloride (0.55 g, 2.0 mmol) in AcOH (5 mL) was added red phosphorus (0.25 g, 8.0 mmol) and I2 (5.0 mg, 0.04 mmol). The mixture was stirred and heated to reflux at 110 °C for 6 h. After cooling to r.t., the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was poured into ice-water and extracted with EtOAc (3 ×10 mL). The extracts were combined and dried over anhyd Na2SO4. After evaporating the solvent 0.49 g (94%) the desired product was obtained; mp 143-145 °C. IR (KBr): 3315, 3143, 3096, 1705, 1676, 1599, 1521, 1472, 1371, 1103, 957, 881, 706 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.55 (1 H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.43 (1 H, s), 7.28 (1 H, d, J = 10.8 Hz), 2.45 (3 H, s), 2.20 (3 H, s). MS (70 eV): m/z = 261 (M+), 219 (M+ - CH2CO), 177 (219 - CH2CO), 142 (177 - Cl).

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General Procedure. A 50-mL three-necked flask was charged with 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene (1h, 1.92 g, 10 mmol), red phosphorus (0.62 g, 20 mmol), I2 (0.1 g, 0.4 mmol), and an organic acid (2a-e or 4a, 40 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 140 °C (110 °C for AcOH) for 6 h. After cooling to r.t., the mixture was decanted onto ice-water and extracted with EtOAc (3 ×10 mL). The extracts were combined and dried over anhyd Na2SO4. The solvent was evaporated to give product 3a-e and 5.
3a: Mp 110-113 °C. IR (KBr): 3297, 3181, 1669, 1592, 1528, 1470, 1379, 812 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.75 (s, 1 H), 7.31-7.38 (m, 3 H), 2.18 (s, 3 H). MS (70 eV): m/z = 203 (M+), 161.
3b: Mp 86-88 °C. IR (KBr): 3304, 3097, 1667, 1588, 1522, 1466, 1380, 815 cm-1. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.77 (s, 1 H), 7.26-7.35 (m, 3 H), 2.39 (q, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.24 (t, 3 H, J = 7.2 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 217 (M+), 161.
3c: Mp 69-71 °C. IR (KBr): 3310, 3098, 2961, 1671, 1589, 1522, 1466, 1382, 818 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.77 (s, 1 H), 7.34-7.38 (m, 3 H), 2.33 (t, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.69-1.78 (m, 2 H), 0.98 (t, 3 H, J = 7.2 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 231 (M+), 161.
3d: Oil. IR (KBr): 3309, 2928, 1666, 1590, 1522, 1470, 1382, 815 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.76 (s, 1 H), 7.57 (s, 1 H), 7.32-7.34 (m, 2 H), 2.34 (t, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.68-1.73 (m, 2 H), 1.29-1.34 (m, 6 H), 0.88 (t, 3 H, J = 6.4 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 273 (M+), 161.
3e: Mp 134-136 °C. IR (KBr): 3298, 1652, 1582, 1511, 1381, 813, 714 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.91 (s, 1 H), 7.84-7.90 (m, 3 H), 7.41-7.60 (m, 5 H). MS (70 eV): m/z = 265 (M+), 105.
5: Mp 182-184 °C. IR (KBr): 3086, 2961, 1729, 1684, 1468, 1365, 1256, 1135, 832, 760 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.53 (d, 1 H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.26 (s, 1 H), 6.97 (d, 1 H, J = 8.4 Hz), 2.82 (t, 4 H, J = 6.4 Hz), 2.11 (dd, 2 H, J = 6.4, 6.4 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 257 (M+), 229, 187, 161.

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Following the same procedure described above, 1h was replaced by nitroarenes 1a-g, and propionic acid (2b) was employed to give 3f-l.
3f: Mp 84-86 °C. IR (KBr): 3255, 1666, 1603, 1541, 750 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.62-7.64 (m, 2 H), 7.30-7.32 (m, 2 H), 7.21 (s, 1 H), 7.08- 7.12 (m, 1 H), 2.43 (q, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.26 (t, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 149 (M+), 93.
3g: Mp 79-81 °C. IR (KBr): 3280, 2935, 1659, 1529, 1457, 782, 720 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.81 (s, 1 H), 6.85-7.11 (m, 3 H), 2.45 (q, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.33 (s, 3 H), 2.29 (s, 3 H), 1.26 (t, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 177 (M+), 121, 106.
3h: Mp 91-93 °C. IR (KBr): 3288, 3032, 1664, 1587, 1526, 1285, 754 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.40-8.42 (m, 1 H), 7.64 (s, 1 H), 7.36-7.37 (m, 1 H), 7.26 -7.29 (m, 1 H), 7.02-7.05 (m, 1 H), 2.48 (q, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.28 (t, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 183 (M+), 148, 127.
3i: Mp 74-75 °C. IR (KBr): 3248, 2977, 1668, 1596, 1532, 1415, 1307, 879, 774 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.74 (s, 1 H), 7.50-7.52 (m, 1 H), 7.36-7.42 (m, 1 H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 1 H), 7.06-7.08 (m, 1 H), 2.39 (q, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.24 (t, 3 H, J = 7.2 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 183 (M+), 127.
3j: Mp 123-124 °C. IR (KBr): 3299, 2976, 1666, 1605, 1542, 1492, 823 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.48 (d, 2 H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.28 (d, 2 H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.14 (s, 1 H), 2.39 (q, 2 H, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.25 (t, 3 H, J = 7.4 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 183 (M+), 127.
3k: Mp 105-107 °C. IR (KBr): 3272, 3089, 1663, 1556, 1507, 1212, 830 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.47-7.48 (m, 2 H), 7.22 (s, 1 H), 6.99-7.02 (m, 2 H), 2.37 (q, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.24 (t, 3 H, J = 7.2 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 167 (M+), 111.
3l: Mp 75-77 °C. IR (KBr): 3270, 2987, 1670, 1532, 1424, 1333, 1121, 820 cm-1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.80 (s, 1 H), 7.72 (s, 1 H), 7.49 (d, 1 H, J = 8.0 Hz), 7.29 (d, 2 H, J = 8.0 Hz), 2.50 (q, 2 H, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.29 (t, 3 H, J = 7.4 Hz). MS (70 eV): m/z = 251 (M+), 195.

12

Compound 3b was synthesized by the same procedure as described above, except the amount of catalyst and composition were changed.