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Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 2006; 16(6): 330-336
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940010
Wissenschaft und Forschung
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Zur Frage einer Korrektur der Trainingsherzfrequenz im Wasser. Bedeutung der Wassertemperatur?

Concerning a Question About the Correction of the Training Heart Rate in the Water. Significance of the Water Temperature?W.  Schnizer1 , M.  Fenzl2 , 3 , O.  Knüsel2 , B.  Hartmann4
  • 1Prof. Dr. med. W. Schnizer, Agnes-Bernauer-Str. 170, 80687 München
  • 2Klinik für Rheumatologie und Rehabilitation des Bewegungsapparates, Klinik Valens, 7317 Valens, Schweiz (Ärztlicher Direktor: Dr. med. O. Knüsel)
  • 3Swiss Olympic Medical Center, CH-7310 Bad Ragaz (Ärztlicher Leiter: Dr. med. C. Schlegel)
  • 4Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene, Universitäts-Klinikum Freiburg (Direktor: Prof. Dr. med. F. Daschner), Balneologie Außenstelle Bad Krozingen (Leiter: PD Dr. med. B. Hartmann)
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Publication History

Eingegangen: 22. Juli 2005

Angenommen: 23. Mai 2006

Publication Date:
01 December 2006 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung: Für ein Ausdauertraining im Wasser wird eine Reduktion der Trainingsherzfrequenz empfohlen. Das Ausmaß der Korrektur wird unterschiedlich beurteilt. Wir haben eine Literaturrecherche zu relevanten experimentellen Studien vorgenommen, um die Korrekturabschläge der Herzfrequenz zu belegen, und insbesondere der Frage nachzugehen, ob dabei die Wassertemperatur eine Rolle spielt. Methoden: Die Literaturrecherche wurde in den Datenbanken Medline, Dimdi-Spofor und Spolit nach folgenden Kriterien durchgeführt: Beurteilung körperlicher Belastungen (Schwimmen, Aquajogging, Wasserfahrrad) in zwei submaximalen Arbeitsintensitäten (30 - 40 und 50 - 60 % VO2max) im Vergleich mit einer Referenzbelastung an Land anhand der Belastungsherzfrequenz, Wassertemperaturen von 18 - 36 °C, gesunder Personen jüngeren bis mittleren Lebensalters. Ergebnisse: Es konnten 25 Studien lokalisiert werden. Für beide Arbeitsintensitäten fanden sich, im Vergleich zu einem belastungsäquivalenten Landtest, im Bereich von ca. 32 - 33 °C ähnliche Belastungsherzfrequenzen, Temperaturen darunter führten im Wasser zu niedrigeren und Temperaturen darüber zu höheren Herzfrequenzwerten. Schlussfolgerungen: Da eine Abhängigkeit der Belastungsherzfrequenz von der Wassertemperatur besteht, ist bei einem Training im Wasser eine pauschale Korrektur der für Land ermittelten Trainingsherzfrequenz nicht gerechtfertigt. Im Bereich von ca. 31 - 33 °C ist eine Korrektur nicht notwendig. Das ist erst unter 31 °C sinnvoll. Folgende Richtwerte für einen Abschlag der Trainingsherzfrequenz können empfohlen werden: ca. 3 - 4/min bei 30 °C; ca. 6 - 7/min bei 28 °C; ca. 8 - 9/min bei 26 °C. Über 33 °C hinausgehende Wassertemperaturen eignen sich aufgrund der zunehmenden Wärmebelastung nicht mehr für ein Ausdauertraining mit leichten bis mittelstarken Belastungsintensitäten.

Abstract

Purpose: During an endurance training in the water it is a recommendation to reduce the training heart rate. The extend of corrections differ greatly. We investigated relevant experimental studies focusing on the correction of the training heart rate, and especially to pose the question whether water temperature is significant in this context or not. Methods: The literary investigation was done using the data bank Medline, Dimdi-Spofor and Spolit. The following criteria should suffice: assessment of physical work (swimming, aquajogging, water cycling) with two intensities (30 - 40 % VO2max and 50 - 60 % VO2max) compared in water and a reference exercise on land in the parameter of heart rate, water temperature 18 - 36 °C, healthy adults of younger and middle age. Results: This investigation covered a total of 25 studies. For both exercise intensities compared to water and land there were similar responses of the heart rate at a water temperature degree of 32 - 33 °C. A reduction of heart rate occurred in the water at temperatures below, and higher heart rates at temperatures above. Conclusion: Since the literary investigation has shown a dependence on water temperature, a general correction of the training heart rate is not justified. In a water temperature of around 31 - 33 °C a correction does not seem to be necessary; that make sense below 31 °C. Following reductions in heart rate are recommended: about 3 - 4/min at 30 °C; about 6 - 7/min at 28 °C; about 8 - 9/min at 26 °C. Temperatures over 33 °C are not suitable for endurance training due to heat stress.

Schlüsselwörter

Wasserimmersion - aerobes Training - Trainingsherzfrequenz - Schwimmen - Aquajogging

Key words

Water immersion - aerobic training - training heart rate - aquatic exercise - swimming - deep water running

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Prof. Dr. med. W. Schnizer

Agnes-Bernauer-Straße 170

80687 München

Email: Wolfgang.Schnizer@t-online.de