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DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-925370
Biologics als neue Therapieoptionen in der Behandlung der Psoriasis und Psoriasis-Arthritis
Biologics as New Treatment Options in the Treatment of Psoriasis and Psoriasis-ArthritisPublication History
Publication Date:
18 May 2006 (online)
Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland leiden ca. 1,6 Millionen Menschen an Psoriasis. Viele der Betroffenen können zwar mit topischen Medikamenten behandelt werden, jedoch sind ca. 20 % so schwer erkrankt, dass eine lokale Therapie nicht mehr ausreicht. Die klassischen systemischen Therapien (Methotrexat, Ciclosporin A, Fumarsäure, Retinoide) oder UV-Therapien wirken nur bei einem Teil der Patienten zufrieden stellend, zeigen unerwünschte Wirkungen (z. B. Hepato- oder Nephrotoxizität, Teratogenität etc.) vor allem in der Langzeittherapie, oder weisen für Patienten mit bestimmten Begleiterkrankungen Kontraindikationen auf. Eine zunehmende Aufklärung der Pathogenese der Psoriasis und die Fortschritte in der Biotechnologie führten zur Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien. In den letzten zwei Jahren wurden vier sog. Biologics in Deutschland zur Behandlung der Psoriasis bzw. Psoriasis-Arthritis zugelassen: Enbrel® (Etanercept), Humira® (Adalimumab), Raptiva® (Efalizumab) und Remicade® (Infliximab). Damit sind uns wirksame neue und zumindest in der Kurzzeittherapie sichere Therapiealternativen an die Hand gegeben worden. Zurzeit dürfen sie nur als Secondline-Therapeutika verordnet werden. Vor der Anwendung sollte eine sorgfältige Indikationsstellung erfolgen, auch im Hinblick auf die Kosten, die im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen Systemtherapeutika und UV-Therapien beträchtlich sind. Fragen, die uns in den nächsten Jahren beschäftigen werden, sind: Warum wirken die Biologics nur bei einem Teil der Patienten? Gibt es eine Möglichkeit, Responder und Non-Responder schon vor Beginn der Therapie zu erkennen? Wie sicher sind Biologics in der Langzeitanwendung?
Abstract
About 1.6 million individuals suffer from psoriasis in Germany. Many of them can be treated with topical ointments, but about 20 % exhibit such a severe disease, that topical treatment is not sufficient. The classical systemic treatments (methotrexate, cyclosporine, fumarates, retinoids) and UV-therapies are successful in only a fraction of patients, may cause adverse effects (e. g. liver or kidney toxicity and teratogenicity) especially during long-term treatment, or are contraindicated due to concomitant diseases. The increasing elucidation of the pathogenesis of psoriasis and the progress made in biotechnological techniques has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies. In the last two years, four so called „biologics” have been approved in Germany for the treatment of psoriasis and/or psoriasis arthritis: Enbrel® (Etanercept), Humira® (Adalimumab), Raptiva® (Efalizumab) and Remicade® (Infliximab). These provide new effective and, at least for short-term treatment, safe therapeutic alternatives. Up to now, we are allowed to use them only as second-line therapeutics. Before prescribing biologics we should carefully reflect on the correct indication and keep the costs in mind, which are much higher than for standard systemic or UV-therapies. Moreover, there are still some questions that need to be addressed in the next few years: Why are biologics only effective in a number of patients? Will there be a possibility to differentiate between responders and non-responders before the start of treatment? How safe are the biologics in long-term use?
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Sandra Philipp
PsoriasisStudienzentrum, Interdisziplinäre Gruppe Molekulare Immunpathologie ·
Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie · Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM · Schumannstraße 20/21 · 10117 Berlin
Email: sandra.philipp@charite.de