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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-915341
Die Bedeutung von Persönlichkeit und sexueller Traumatisierung für forensische Patienten mit einem Sexualdelikt
The Relevance of Personality und Sexual Traumata for Sexual Offenders in Forensic PsychiatryPublication History
Eingegangen: 6. Dezember 2004
Angenommen: 7. Oktober 2005
Publication Date:
27 December 2005 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Studien im forensisch-psychiatrischen Kontext weisen darauf hin, dass Gefängnisinsassen und psychisch kranke Straftäter mit einem Sexualdelikt ein hohes Ausmaß an traumatischen Erfahrungen aufweisen. Weniger ist jedoch über andere differenzielle Faktoren bekannt. Ziel der Studie war es deshalb, multiple Risikofaktoren für Sexualstraftaten zu untersuchen. Methode: Es wurden in zwei Forensischen Kliniken Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns 51 männliche, forensisch-psychiatrische Patienten untersucht, davon 19 mit Sexualstraftaten. Mittels verschiedener Selbstbeurteilungsbögen und forensischer Fachgutachten wurden psychiatrische Diagnosen, Dissoziation, allgemeine Psychopathologie, interaktionelles Verhalten und Traumata erfasst. Ergebnisse: Es fanden sich keine Zusammenhänge zwischen Sexualdelikt und forensischen sowie soziodemografischen Variablen. Auch hinsichtlich dissoziativer und psychopathologischer Faktoren ließen sich keine Unterschiede zwischen Sexualstraftätern und Nicht-Sexualstraftätern aufzeigen. Der Gruppenvergleich erbrachte aber, dass Sexualstraftäter häufiger einen sexuellen Missbrauch in ihrer Biografie berichteten und häufiger die Diagnose der narzisstischen Persönlichkeitsstörung aufwiesen. In der logistischen Regressionsanalyse konnte ein sexueller Missbrauch in der Kindheit als signifikanter Faktor identifiziert werden. Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Ergebnisse unterstützen Überlegungen, nach denen eigene traumatische Erfahrungen später reinszeniert werden und weisen auf die Bedeutsamkeit der Bearbeitung von traumatischen Kindheitserlebnissen besonders für diese Deliktgruppe hin.
Abstract
Background: Studies in forensic psychiatry indicate that persons in prison and psychologically disturbed sexual offenders have a high degree of traumatic experiences. But less is known about other specific risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the diagnoses and traumata of sexual offenders differ from those of non-sexual offenders. Method: 51-male, German, forensic psychiatric patients were examined. Various self-evaluation questionnaires served to ascertain dissociative and general psychopathology and interpersonal problems. Results: No significant correlations were found between sexual offences and forensic or socio-demographic variables. Nor was it possible to identify any differences in dissociative and psychopathological factors between sexual offenders and non-sexual offenders. However, the comparison between these groups showed that the former more frequently reported sexual abuse in their biographies and the diagnosis more frequently indicated a narcissistic personality disorder. But the logistic regression analysis coupled with age pointed to only sexual abuse in childhood as a significant factor. Conclusion: Our data support the idea that one's own traumatic experiences are reproduced later. That indicates the significance of dealing with traumatic experiences in childhood for this group of offenders.
Key words
Narcisstic personality disorder - sexual victimization - sexual offender - maximum security unit
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Dr. med. Manuela Dudeck
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie · Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald am Hanseklinikum Stralsund
Rostocker Chaussee 70
18435 Stralsund
Phone: 03831/452100
Email: manuela.dudeck@uni-greifswald.de