Neuropsychologie bipolarer Störungen

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den Erkenntnissen, die neuropsychologische Forschungsstudien für das Verständnis der Psychopathologie bipolarer affektiver Erkrankungen erbracht haben. Im ersten Teil des Artikels wird das breite Spektrum bipolarer Störungen skizziert. Anschließend folgt eine selektive Übersicht über die wichtigsten neuropsychologischen Untersuchungsergebnisse bei bipolaren Störungen. Auch wenn bislang erst ein sehr grobes Bild über psychopathologische Mechanismen bipolarer Störungen gewonnen werden konnte, zeichnet sich ab, dass Patienten mit bipolaren Störungen spezifische Defizite im Bereich der Aufmerksamkeit, des Gedächtnisses und der exekutiven Funktionen aufweisen. Es zeigt sich weiter, dass neuropsychologische Störungen auch in euthymen Phasen vorhanden sind, die das psychosoziale Funktionsniveau der Patienten im Alltag beeinträchtigen können. Abschließend werden die neuropsychologischen Befunde im Hinblick auf Diagnostik, Behandlung und Prognose diskutiert.

Abstract

In this article the contribution of neuropsychological research for a better understanding of the psychopathology of mood disorders is reviewed. First, the broad spectrum of bipolar disorders is described. Second, a selective review of important results of neuropsychological studies with patients with mood disorders is presented. Although several methodological problems limit the interpretation of the findings, there is evidence that patients with a bipolar disorder show a consistent impairment in attention, memory/learning and executive functions. The cognitive deficits are still visible during clinical recovery (euthymia) and closely associated with psychosocial limitation in daily life. Finally, the impact of neuropsychological findings is considered in relation to assessment, treatment and prognosis.

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