Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Subtile Operationstechnik und Erfahrung auf dem Gebiet der ausgedehnten Schilddrüsenresektion haben die Komplikationsraten in den letzten Jahren gesenkt. Dies betrifft nicht die früh-postoperative Hypokalzämie mit entsprechenden klinischen Symptomen. Patienten und Methode: In einer prospektiven Untersuchung von 21 Patienten mit Morbus Basedow und 41 Patienten mit Struma und Euthyreose führten wir eine perioperative Kontrolle des Serum-Kalzium- und Parathormonstoffwechsels sowie des Knochenstoffwechsels durch. Alle Patienten wurden subtotal (Restmenge < 3 g; n = 41) oder total (n = 21) thyreoidektomiert. Ergebnisse: In fast der Hälfte (44 %) der Patienten mit Morbus Basedow und etwa 1/4 (23 %) der Patienten mit Struma und Euthyreose zeigten sich postoperativ Zeichen der Hypokalzämie (Chvostek-Positivität; Parästhesien). Der früh-postoperative Hypoparathyreoidismus (PTH < 10 ng/ml) war dabei vermehrt durch die zugrundeliegende Erkrankung (Morbus Basedow versus Struma mit Euthyreose; 43 versus 24 %) und weniger durch das Ausmaß der Resektion (Thyreoidektomie versus subtotale Resektion; 33 versus 29 %) bedingt. Schlussfolgerung: Die eher milde Form des früh-postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus ist nur zu einem Teil durch die ausgedehnte Resektion der Schilddrüse bis hin zur Thyreoidektomie zu erklären und teilweise Ausdruck der Veränderung des postoperativen Kalzium- und Knochenstoffwechsels besonders bei Patienten mit Morbus Basedow. Inwieweit eine prophylaktische Kalzium- und Vitamin-D-Gabe als Routinemedikation nach Operationen der Schilddrüse bei Morbus Basedow vorgenommen werden sollte, werden weitere Untersuchungen nachweisen müssen.
Abstract
Introduction: Complication rates after thyroid surgery have decreased because of improvement of technical skills during the last years. This is not true, however, for early postoperative hypocalcemia. Patients and methods: In a prospective study we investigated 21 patients with Graves' disease and 41 patients with euthyroid goiter. All patients where resected radically; subtotal ( remnant below 3 g; n = 41) or totally (n = 21). Results: Almost half of the patients with Graves' disease (44 %) and Œ (23 %) of patients with euthyroid goiter developed clinical signs of hypocalcemia (Chvostek-positivity, paresthesia); postoperative hypoparathyroidism (sPTH below 10 ng/ml) was more dependent on diagnosis (Graves' disease versus euthyroid goiter; 43 % versus 24 %) than on resection radicality (thyroidectomy versus subtotal resection; 33 versus 29 %). Conclusion: Mild postoperative hypoparathyroidism after radical thyroid resection may predominantly be induced by changes of postoperativ calcium and bone metabolism more than by mechanical injury of parathyroid glands. Whether prophylactic calcium and vitamin D treatment should be advocated for all patients with operated Graves' disease will have to be investigated in further studies.
Schlüsselwörter
postoperativer Hypoparathyreoidismus - Morbus Basedow - ausgedehnte Schilddrüsenresektion
Key words
postoperativ hypoparathyroidism - Graves' disease - extensive thyroid resection
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P E. Goretzki
Chirurgische Klinik I · Lukaskrankenhaus Neuss
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Email: pgoretzki@lukasneuss.de