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Synthesis 2005(1): 39-46
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834910
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834910
PAPER
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Friedel-Crafts Cyclization of 1,1-Difluoroalk-1-enes: Synthesis of Benzene-Fused Cyclic Ketones via α-Fluorocarbocations
Further Information
Publication History
Received
10 August 2004
Publication Date:
17 November 2004 (online)


Abstract
1,1-Difluoroalk-1-enes bearing a phenyl group at the C-3, -4, or -5 position, readily obtained from 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl p-toluenesulfonate, are treated with FSO3H·SbF5 to undergo Friedel-Crafts cyclization in (CF3)2CHOH. The cyclization takes place via α-fluorocarbocations, followed by spontaneous hydrolysis of the C-F bond to afford bicyclic ketones including a five, six, or seven-membered ring in good yield.
Key words
Friedel-Crafts cyclization - difluoroalkene - bicyclic ketone - α-fluorocarbocation - fluoroalcohol solvent