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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830115
Langzeittherapie der Schizophrenie
Teil I: Hintergrund, Behandlungsziele, PharmakotherapieLongterm Therapy of SchizophreniaPart I: Background, Therapeutic Aims and PharmacotherapyPublication History
Publication Date:
04 March 2005 (online)
Lernziel
Vordringlichste Aufgabe einer Langzeittherapie schizophrener Erkrankungen sind die Reduktion eventuell noch vorhandener Restsymptome nach einer vorausgegangenen psychotischen Exazerbation, die soziale und berufliche Reintegration und die Rezidivprophylaxe. Die oft mehrjährige Therapie erfordert einen gleichermaßen auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse zugeschnittenen wie auch standardisierten multimodalen Behandlungsansatz. Hierbei sind nicht nur medizinische Aspekte zu berücksichtigen, sondern auch wesentliche Wünsche und Erwartungen des Patienten mit einzubeziehen, um seine Mitarbeit im Rahmen des Behandlungsplans zu fördern. Um das Therapieziel eines möglichst selbständigen, symptomfreien und in die Gemeinschaft integrierten Patienten zu erzielen, stehen unterschiedliche pharmakologische und psychotherapeutische Verfahren zur Verfügung, die einen unterschiedlichen Grad an Evidenz hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit aufweisen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die wichtigsten Elemente in der Langzeittherapie und zur Rezidivprophylaxe der Schizophrenie darzustellen und hinsichtlich ihrer Evidenz und der bevorzugten Einzugsmöglichkeiten zu gewichten.
Im ersten Teil des Beitrags werden Hintergrund und Notwendigkeit einer Langzeittherapie dargestellt sowie der gegenwärtige Stand pharmakotherapeutischer Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt. Im darauf folgenden zweiten Beitrag werden die psychotherapeutischen Möglichkeiten, soziotherapeutische Maßnahmen sowie Versorgungsstrukturen in Deutschland behandelt, der spezielle Aspekt der Suizidalität im Behandlungsverlauf erörtert sowie die Kernaussagen zusammenfassend dargestellt.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Frank-Gerald Pajonk
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes
66421 Homburg/Saar
Email: frank.pajonk@uniklinik-saarland.de