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Viszeralchirurgie 2004; 39(3): 239-247
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-822734
Das viszeralchirurgische Prüfungsgespräch

© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Transplantationschirurgie

Transplantation SurgeryF. Braun1 , K. P. Platz1 , F. Fändrich1 , B. Kremer1 , A. R. Mueller1
  • 1Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie und Thoraxchirurgie, Universität Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
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Publication History

Publication Date:
08 July 2004 (online)

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Einleitung

Die Transplantation von Organen ist bei Erkrankungen etabliert, die zum kompletten und irreversiblen Funktionsverlust führen. Die Voraussetzungen hierfür waren die Erarbeitung sicherer Operationstechniken, immunologischer Grundlagen und begleitender Behandlungsmaßnahmen [64]. Im Gegensatz zur Nierentransplantation (NTx), Pankreastransplantation (PTx) und Lebertransplantation (LTx) sind die Dünndarmtransplantation (DTx) und die multiviszerale Transplantation (MTx) noch selten durchgeführte Transplantationstechniken. In der jüngsten Vergangenheit verbesserten sich die Ergebnisse durch die Verfügbarkeit neuer potenter Immunsuppressiva und der Fortschritte in der medizinischen Versorgung hinsichtlich der Patientenüberlebenszeit, der Transplantatfunktionsraten, der Lebensqualität und der Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ständig.

Der stetig wachsende Bedarf an Transplantationen übersteigt jedoch seit langem die Verfügbarkeit an Spenderorganen, so dass weiterhin Patienten auf der Warteliste versterben [22]. Zum 9.12.2003 meldete die United Nation Organ Sharing (UNOS) Database 83 556 Patienten auf der Warteliste und 19 090 Transplantationen, die in der Zeit von Januar bis September 2003 durchgeführt wurden [72]. Die hierdurch bedingte Selektion der Patienten erfolgt nach Scores, die unter anderem die medizinische Dringlichkeit, die Wartezeit und die immunologische Übereinstimmung berücksichtigen.

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Prof. Dr. med. Andrea R. Mueller

Klinik für Allgemeine Chirurgie und Thoraxchirurgie · Universität Schleswig-Holstein · Campus Kiel

Arnold-Heller-Straße 7

24105 Kiel

Germany

Phone: +49-4 31-5 97-43 01

Fax: +49-4 31-5 97-53 92

Email: amueller@chirurgie-sh.de